Chapter 15 Medical Vocabulary

Front 1

Function of CNS

Back 1

the control center; conducts impulses to skeletal muscle and is under conscious control

Front 2

Function of the PNS

Back 2

the various nerves that connect the brain and the spinal cord with receptors, muscles, and glands.

Sensory, Motory, Memory, Autonomic, etc

Front 3

Function of a Neuron

Back 3

Conduct impulses to or from the nervous system. Many incoming dendrites, and one outgoing axon.

Front 4

Function Neuroglia

Back 4

Supports and protects neurons. Numerous and capable of reproduction.

Front 5

dendr(o)

Back 5

tree

Front 6

nerv(o), neur(o)

Back 6

nerve

Front 7

gli(o)

Back 7

neuroglia

Front 8

Mening(o)

Back 8

meninx (or meninges); membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord.

Front 9

Dura mater

Back 9

tough outer layer, lies just outside the cranial bones and lines the vertebral canal

Front 10

Arachnoid

Back 10

a thin middle layer with numerous threadlike strands that attach in to the innermost layer

Front 11

Pia mater

Back 11

thin and delicate innermost layer that is tightly attached to the surface of the brain and spinal cord

Front 12

Cerebrum

Back 12

bulk of the brain

Front 13

Cerebral cortex

Back 13

convoluted layer of gray
matter that covers the
surface of each hemisphere

Front 14

Brain stem

Back 14

made up of Medula Oblangata, Pons, Midbrain

Front 15

Cerebellum

Back 15

Behind the brain stem and under the cerebellum

Front 16

Spinal cord

Back 16

cylindrical structure located in the canal of the vertebral column

Front 17

cerebell(o)

Back 17

Cerebellum

Front 18

cerebr(o), encephal(o)

Back 18

brain, sometimes cerebrum

Front 19

myel(o)

Back 19

spinal cord

Front 20

mechan(o)

Back 20

mechanical

Front 21

phot(o)

Back 21

light

Front 22

noc(i)

Back 22

harm, injury, or pain

Front 23

ocul(o), ophthalm(o)

Back 23

Eye

Front 24

Ir(o), irid(o)

Back 24

iris

Front 25

Kerat(o)

Back 25

cornea

Front 26

Dacry(o), lacrim(o)

Back 26

tear

Front 27

Audi(o)

Back 27

hearing

Front 28

CSF

Back 28

cerebrospinal fluid

Front 29

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Back 29

recording the electrical activity of the brain

Front 30

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Back 30

uses radioactive substances to assess the function of the brain

Front 31

Cerebral concussion

Back 31

injury resulting from impact with an object; can cause loss of consciousness

Front 32

Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA, stroke)

Back 32

damaged blood vessels in the brain; disrupt normal blood supply (oxygen) to the brain

Front 33

Encephalomyelopathy

Back 33

any disease involving the brain and the spinal cord

Front 34

-plegia

Back 34

paralysis

Front 35

Bell’s palsy

Back 35

facial paralysis

Front 36

Botulism

Back 36

characterized by paralysis of both voluntary and involuntary motor activities; a severe form of food poisoning caused by a powerful bacterial neurotoxin in improperly canned or preserved foods contaminated with Clostridium botulinum

Front 37

Tetanus

Back 37

caused by infection with Clostridium tetani, attacks the nervous system causing muscle rigidity and spasms

Front 38

Dementia

Back 38

progressive mental disorder of the brain; characterized by confusion, disorientation, deterioration of memory and intellectual abilities, and personality disintegration

Front 39

Parkinson’s disease

Back 39

slowly progressing debilitating disease that affects motor ability. Characterized by muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremor

Front 40

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Back 40

affects the myelin sheath (white lipid covering of axons) and conduction pathways of the central nervous system

Front 41

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or Lou Gehrig’s disease

Back 41

characterized by atrophy (wasting) of the hands, forearms, and
legs; disease may result in paralysis and death

Front 42

Alzheimer’s disease

Back 42

involves irreversible loss of memory, disorientation, and speech and gait disturbances, and is a form of dementia due to atrophy of frontal and occipital lobes

Front 43

Cataract

Back 43

abnormal progressive condition of the lens of the eye characterized by loss of transparency, often impairing vision or causing blindness

Front 44

Ophthalmorrhagia

Back 44

hemorrhage from the eye

Front 45

Conjunctivitis

Back 45

inflammation of the mucous membrane that forms the lining of the eye

Front 46

Diplopia

Back 46

double vision, when light rays are not focused appropriately on the retina

Front 47

Blepharedema

Back 47

swelling of the eyelid

Front 48

Schizophrenia

Back 48

a type of behavioral disorder characterized by loss of contact with the environment and disintegration of the personality

Front 49

Craniotomy

Back 49

surgical opening of the skull

Front 50

What to know about exotoxins produced by: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Back 50

Exotoxin A is an ADP ribosylating A-B toxin (similar to Diphtheria toxin)

Mechanism:
Inactivates elongation
factor 2 (EF-2)

Also has endotoxin (as it is gram negative) which produces fever and shock.

pyocyanin makes ROS
also produces collagenase, elastase, fibrinolysin, phospholipase C, DNAse

Front 51

Radial keratotomy

Back 51

incision of the cornea to treat myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism

Front 52

Psychoanalysis

Back 52

diagnosing and treating
disorders of the mind