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30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
dissociative identity disorder
someone alternates among 2 or more distinct personalities
biopsychosexual model
emphasizes that abnormal behavior has 3 major aspects:biological, psychological, and sociological
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)
sets specific criteria for each psychological diagnosis
personality disorder
a maladaptive, inflexible way of dealing with the environment and other people
Axis I
clinical disorders
Axis II
includes personality disorders and mental retardation
Axis III
general medical conditions
Axis IV
psychosocial and environmental problems
Axis V
global assessment of functioning
psychotherapy
a treatment of psychological disorders by methods that include a personal relationship between a trained therapist and a client
evidence-based treatments
therapies demonstrated to be helpful
psychodynamic therapies
attempt to relate personality to the interplay of conflicting impulses within the individual, including some that the individual may not consciously recognize
psychoanalysis
a method based on identifying unconscious thoughts and emotions and bringing them to consciousness to help people understand their thoughts and actions
catharsis
a release of pent up emtions associated with unconscious thoughts and memories
free association
the client starts thinking about a particular symptom or problem and then reports everything that comes to mind-a word, a phrase, a visual image
transference
clients are transferring onto the therapists the behaviors and feelings they originally established toward father, mother, or another important person in their lives
interpretations
they explain the underlying meaning
behavior therapy
begins with clear, well-defined behavioral goals, such as eliminating test anxiety, and then attempts to achieve those goals through learning
cognitive therapy
seeks to improve people's psychological well-being by changing their thoughts and beliefs-their cognitions
rational-emotive behavior
assumes that thoughts (rationality) lead to emotions. The problem therefore is not the unpleasant emotions themselves, but the irrational thoughts that lead to them
cognitive-behavior therapy
therapists set explicit goals for changing people's behavior, but they place more emphasis than most behavior therapists do on changing people's interpretation of their situation
incongruence
(mismatch) between their perceptionsof their real self and their ideal self
person-centered therapy (non-directive or client-centered therapy)
the therapist listens to the client with total acceptance and unconditional positive regard
family systems therapy
the guiding assumptions are that most people's problems develop in a family setting and that the best way to deal with them is to improve family relationships and communication
eclectic therapy
they use a combination of methods and approaches
brief therapy (time-limited therapy)
the therapist and client reach an agreement about what they can expect from each other and how long the treatment will last
Group therapy
administered to several people at once
self-help groups
operates much like group therapy, exept without a therapist
spontaneous remission
improvement without therapy
meta-analysis
taking the results of many experiments, weighting each one in proportion to the number of participants, and determining the overall average effect