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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is cross tolerance?
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Tolerance that develops to the effects of one drug as the result of exposure to another drug.
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What is metabolic tolerance?
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Tolerance that results from a reduction in the amount of a drug getting to its sites of action.
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What are analgesics?
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Drugs that reduce pain.
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What is an amphetamine?
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Stimulant drug whose effects are similar to those of cocaine.
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What is a conditioned drug tolerance?
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Tolerance effects expressed when drug is administered in situations in which it has previously been administered.
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What is a depressant?
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Drugs that depresses neural activity and behaviour.
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What are conditioned withdrawal effects?
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Withdrawal effects elicited by drug environment or by other drug associated cues.
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What is conditioned compensatory responses?
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Physical responses opposite to drug effects elicited by stimuli associated with drug experiential effects
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What does it mean to be primed?
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To induce to self-stimulation by 'free' stimulations
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What is a psychological dependence?
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Compulsive drug taking in the absence of physical dependence.
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What is sensitization?
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Increase in sensitivity to drug effect that develops as result of drug exposure.
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What is the Harrison Narcotics Act?
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Act passed in 1914. Made illegal to use, sell opium, morphine or coke in the US
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What is crack?
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Potent, cheap, smokable form of cocaine
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What is the Drug Self-Administration Paradigm?
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Test of the addictive potential of drugs in which animals can inject drugs into themselves by pressing a lever.
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What are opiates?
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Morphine, codeine, heroin, and other chemicals with similar structure.
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What is THC?
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Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol...Main psychoactive ingredient of MJ
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What is the Incentive Sensitization Theory?
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Addiction develops when drug sensitizes the neural circuits mediating 'wanting'...not liking for drug...
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What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?
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Prenatal exposure to alcohol. Characterized by mental retardation, low birth weight and other physical abnormalities.
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What are stimulants?
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Produce general increases in neural and behaviour activity.
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What is Cannabis Sativa?
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Common hemp plant.
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What is the Mesotelencephalic dopamine system?
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Dopamine releasing neurons from Substantia Nigra and Ventral Tegmental Area of Mesencephalon...Extends into the Telencephalon.
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What is Cirrhosis?
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Scarring of the liver.
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What is the Nucleus Accumbens?
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Nucleus of Ventral Striatum. Major terminal of Mesocorticolimbic Dopamine Pathway.
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What is Codeine?
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Weak psychoactive ingredient of opium.
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What is Morphine?
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Major psychoactive ingredient of opium.
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How would you classify Cocaine?
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A potent catecholamine agonist and powerful stimulant. Blocks catecholamine (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) reuptake.
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What is Functional tolerance?
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Tolerance resulting from a reduction in 'neural action sites' to a specific drug
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What is Buerger's disease?
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Nicotine produced disease. Blood flow to legs is restricted. Results in Gangrene and amputation.
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What is Heroin?
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Powerful semisynthetic opiate.
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What are psychoactive drugs?
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Drugs that influence subjective experience and behaviour. Acts on the nervous system.
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What is Cocaine psychosis?
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Psychotic behaviour observed during a cocained spree. Similar to schizophrenic behaviour.
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What makes an addict?
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Habitual drug users despite adverse effects on health and despite repeat efforts to stop using drug.
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In studying rats, what is Intracranial Self-Stimulation?
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Repeated performance of a response that delivers electrical stimulation to certain sites in the brain.
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Why do we need to know 'Substantia Nigra?
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Implicated in Parkinson's Disease. It degenerates.
It is also a midbrain nucleus of the Mesotelencephalic dopamine system. It is a major source of Nigrostriatal pathway. |
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Why do we need to know 'Physical-dependence theories of addiction'?
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What motivates drug addicts is the prevention/termination of withdrawal symptoms.
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Why do we need to know 'Positive Incentive Theories of Addiction'?
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States that addiction is based on 'craving' for the pleasure producing effects of drugs.
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How important are 'Dopamine Transporters'?
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Responsible for 'recycling' dopamine. Attract dopamine molecules and deposit them back in the neuron.
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What is the importance of the 'Conditioned Place-preference paradigm'?
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Assesses an animal's affinity for environments in which the animal experienced the drug effects.
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What is Korsakoff's Syndrome?
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Neuropsychological disorder. Common among alcoholics. Symptom is major memory loss.
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What do we mean when we say 'Contingent Drug Tolerance'?
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Tolerance that develops as reaction to experience of drug effects rather than drug exposure alone.
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What is the Smoker's Syndrome?
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Chest pain, labored breathing, wheezing and coughing. Susceptibility to infections of respiratory tract.
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What is the importance of the 'Amotivational syndrome'?
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Chronic lack of motivation produced by repeated drug use.
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What is a withdrawal syndrome?
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Adverse effects and illness when a drug addict body eliminates/detoxify's the drug
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When a drug addict is physically dependent, what does it mean?
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When drug addict stops taking drug, there are withdrawal effects.
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What is 'drug metabolism'?
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Conversion of a drug from its active form to a nonactive form.
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Why do we need to know the 'Ventral Tegmental Area'?
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It is a major source of the Mesocorticolimbic pathway. Midbrain nucleus of the mesotelencephalic dopamine system.
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What is Delirium Tremens (DTs)?
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Alcohol withdrawal syndrome phase. Characterized by hallucinations, delusions and agitated behaviour.
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