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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acidosis
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a pathologic condition resulting from the accumulation of acids in the body
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diabetes mellitus
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a metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates (sugars) is impaired, usually because of a lack of insulin
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diabetic coma
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unconsciousness caused by dehydration, very high blood sugar levels, and acidosis in diabetes.
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diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
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a form of acidosis in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available
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glucose
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one of the basic sugars; it is the primary fuel along with oxygen, for cellular metabolism
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hormone
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a chemical substance that regulates the activity of body organs and tissues; produces by a gland
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hyperglycemia
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abnormally high glucose level in the blood
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hypoglycemia
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abnormally low glucose level in the blood
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insulin
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a hormone produces by the Islets of Langerhans (an exocrine gland on the pancreas) that enables glucose in the blood to enter the cells of the body; used in synthetic form to treat and control diabetes mellitus.
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insulin shock
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unconsciousness or alerted mental status in a patient with diabetes, caused by significant hypoglycemia; usually the result of excessive exercise and activity or failure to eat after a routine dose of insulin
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Kussmaul respirations
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deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acid when insulin is not available in the body
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polydipsia
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excessive eating; in diabetes, the inability to use glucose properly can cause a sense of hunger
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polyuria
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the passage of an unusually large volume of urine in a given period; in diabetes, this can result from wasting of glucose in the urin
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type 1 diabetes
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the type of diabetic disease that usually starts in childhood and requires insulin for proper treatment and control
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type II diabetes
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the type of diabetic disease that usually starts in later life and often can be controlled through diet and oral medications
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Normal Glucose Levels
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80 - 120 mg/dL
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Signs of a hyperglycemia (Diabetic Coma)
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- gradual onset
- Kussmaul respiration - dehydration (dry, warm skin and sunken eyes) - sweet or fruity (acetone) odor on the breath, caused by the unusual waste products in the blood (ketones) - rapid pulse - norm to slightly low BP - varying degrees of unresponsiveness - vomiting is common - urine contains sugar and acetone |
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Signs of Hypoglycemia (insulin shock)
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- normal or rapid respiration
- pale, moist (clammy) skin - diaphoresis - dizziness, H/A - may be considered "drunk" or in an alcoholic state - rapid pulse - norm to low BP - altered mental status - anxious or combative behavior - hunger - seizure, fainting, or coma - weakness on one side of the body (may mimic stroke) |
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Interventions
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- encourage PT to drink juice or milk if they are able to swallow
- or administer glucose gel in between the cheek and gums using a tongue depressor |
