Chapter 15 Bio 100 Digestive System

Front 1

The mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods so that nutrients can be absorbed by cells is what?

Back 1

The digestive system

Front 2

The digestive system consist of what two things?

Back 2

The alimentary canal and the accessory organs

Front 3

What are the accessory organs?

Back 3

salivary glands, liver , gallbladder, pancreas

Front 4

What is in the alimentary canal?

Back 4

mouth pharynx, esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum and anus

Front 5

What aids in digestion?

Back 5

the accessory organs

Front 6

What canal does food actually pass through?

Back 6

The alimentary canal

Front 7

What is chemical digestion?

Back 7

It breaks food into simpler chemicals

Front 8

What is mechanical digestion?

Back 8

Breaks large pieces into smaller ones without altering thier chemical composition

Front 9

What are the two types of motor functions of the alimentary canal?

Back 9

Mixing and propelling

Front 10

What happens during mixing?

Back 10

smooth muscles contract rhythmically in small sections of the tube to mix food with digestive juices

Front 11

What happens during propelling?

Back 11

Wavelike motion called peristalsis causes a contraction behind food mass then it relaxes to push food further down tube

Front 12

What is peristalsis?

Back 12

A wave like motion in the alimentary canal the pushes food along

Front 13

Waht is the first portion of the alimentary canal?

Back 13

The mouth

Front 14

What part of the alimentary canal begins mechanical digestion by mastication?

Back 14

The mouth

Front 15

What forms the lateral walls of the mouth?

Back 15

The cheeks

Front 16

What are highly mobile sturctures that surround the mouth opening?

Back 16

The lips

Front 17

What is a muscular organ covered by mucus membrane with taste buds?

Back 17

Tongue

Front 18

What attatches the tongue to the floor of the mouth?

Back 18

The frenulum

Front 19

Where do the two sets of teeth develope?

Back 19

in the sockets of the mandible and maxilla

Front 20

how many primary teeth are there?

Back 20

20

Front 21

how many secondary teeth are there?

Back 21

32

Front 22

What is the function of the teeth?

Back 22

Grinding cutting and tearing

Front 23

What teeth grind food?

Back 23

molars

Front 24

What teeth cut and tare food?

Back 24

sizors and canines

Front 25

Each tooth consist of a ___ and a ____

Back 25

crown and root

Front 26

Waht are teeth made of?

Back 26

enamel and dentine pulp nerves and blood vessels

Front 27

Waht forms the roof of the oral cavity?

Back 27

The palate

Front 28

The anterior palate is what?

Back 28

Hard palate

Front 29

The posterior palate is what?

Back 29

soft palate

Front 30

What do the salivary glands secrete?

Back 30

saliva

Front 31

What is the function of saliva?

Back 31

moisten and dissolves food particles, binds themtogether allows tasting, and helps to cleanse the mouth and teeth

Front 32

What part of digestion does saliva begin?

Back 32

carbohydrate digestion

Front 33

What three glands do the salivary glands include?

Back 33

parotid (largest)submandibular(under tongue) and sublingual(lower)

Front 34

What is the cavity lying behind the mouth?

Back 34

pharynx

Front 35

what is the function of the pharynx

Back 35

digestion and respartory

Front 36

What two cavities does the pharynx connect

Back 36

The nasal and oral cavities wiht the larynx and esophagus

Front 37

What three portions of the pharynx?

Back 37

The nasopharynx the oropharynx and the largyngopharynx

Front 38

What is the top portion of the pharynx

Back 38

The nasopharynx

Front 39

What is the middle portion of the pharynx?

Back 39

The oropharynx

Front 40

What is the bottom portion of the pharynx?

Back 40

the largyngopharynx

Front 41

Mucous glands are scattered throughoutthe walls of the?

Back 41

esophagus

Front 42

The mucous glands on the walls of the esophagus do what?

Back 42

produce mucus to moisten and lubricate the inner lining of the tube

Front 43

What helps to prevent regurgitaion of the stomach contents into the esophagus?

Back 43

the lowwer esophageal sphincter

Front 44

What organ is j shaped and it receives and mixes food?

Back 44

The stomach

Front 45

What organ propels food into the small intestine?

Back 45

the stomach

Front 46

What regions are the stomach divided into?

Back 46

cardiac, fundic, body and pyloric

Front 47

What controls the release of food from the stomach into the small intestine?

Back 47

pyloric sphincter

Front 48

What is the function of the pancreas?

Back 48

it has an exocrine funtion of producing pancreatic juice that aids in digetion

Front 49

What organ is the pancreas closely associated with?

Back 49

The small intestine

Front 50

What two ducts join and empty into the small intestine?

Back 50

The pancreatic and bile ducts

Front 51

pancreatic juice contains what?

Back 51

enzymes

Front 52

What do the enzymes in pancreatic juice do?

Back 52

digest carbohydrates fats proteins and nucleic acids

Front 53

What is reddish brown and located in the upper right quadrant of the abdominal cavity?

Back 53

The liver

Front 54

What is the largest organ in the abdominal cavity?

Back 54

the liver

Front 55

The liver is divided into what?

Back 55

Right and left lobes (the right lobe being larger)

Front 56

What portal vein carries blood rich in nutrients to the liver?

Back 56

The hepatic portal vein

Front 57

What is the function of the liver?

Back 57

it is responsible for many medobolic activities, such as carbohydrates lipids

Front 58

What does the liver store?

Back 58

glycogen

Front 59

What filters the blood and removes damaged red blood cells and foreign substances?

Back 59

the liver

Front 60

What organ removes toxins?

Back 60

the liver

Front 61

What is the livers role in digestion?

Back 61

to secrete bile

Front 62

What does the gallbladder do ?

Back 62

produces bile salts that emulsifies fats into smaller droplets

Front 63

The small intestine receives secretions from where?

Back 63

The pancreas, and the liver

Front 64

What completes the digestion of nutrients?

Back 64

small intestine

Front 65

chyme is made where?

Back 65

small intestine

Front 66

what transports chyme to large intestine?

Back 66

small intestine

Front 67

what three parts do the small intestine consist of ?

Back 67

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Front 68

What organ absorbs small amouts of water by osmosis and electrolytes (salts)?

Back 68

small intestine

Front 69

What organ absorbs water and electroylytes and forms and stores feces?

Back 69

Large intestine

Front 70

What is the pouch at the begining of the large intestine?

Back 70

cecum

Front 71

What does the large intestine include?

Back 71

The cecum colon rectum and anal canal

Front 72

What opens to the outside as the anus?

Back 72

the anal canal

Front 73

what doesn't digest or absorb nutrients?

Back 73

thelarge intestine

Front 74

what organ contains bacteria that synthesize vitamins?

Back 74

large intestine

Front 75

What are the four layers of the alimentary canal?

Back 75

Mucosa submucosa and serosa

Front 76

What is the innermost layer of the alimentary canal?

Back 76

mucosa

Front 77

what does the mucosa layer do?

Back 77

secretion of enzymes and absorpton of food

Front 78

What is the middle layer of the alimentary canal?

Back 78

Submucosa

Front 79

What does the submucosa do?

Back 79

nourish surrounding tissue carry away absorbed materials

Front 80

Whatdoes the muscular layer do?

Back 80

mixes and propels food

Front 81

what does the serosa layer do?

Back 81

secretes fluids to keep the canal from sticking to other tissues in the abdominal cavity

Front 82

The function of the projections of the mucosa of the GI tract is to

Back 82

enlarge the area available for absorption

Front 83

The vessels that nourish the tissues of the alimentary canal and carry away absorbed materials are found in the

Back 83

submucosa

Front 84

The layer of the wall of the alimentary canal which keeps the outer surface of the alimentary canal moist and slippery is the

Back 84

serosa

Front 85

During swallowing, muscles draw the soft palate and uvula upward to

Back 85

separate the oral and nasal cavities

Front 86

The teeth that grasp and tear food are the

Back 86

cuspids

Front 87

When a bolus of food reaches the end of the esophagus, the lower esophageal sphincter relaxes in response to

Back 87

arrival of peristaltic waves

Front 88

The area of the stomach that acts as a temporary storage area for ingested food is the

Back 88

fundic region

Front 89

The chief cells of the gastric glands secrete

Back 89

digestive enzymes

Front 90

The digestive enzyme pepsin, secreted by gastric glands, begins the digestion of

Back 90

protein

Front 91

The foods that stay longest in the stomach are

Back 91

fatty foods

Front 92

Pancreatic enzymes travel along the pancreatic duct and, along with the bile duct, join the alimentary canal at the

Back 92

duodenum

Front 93

Which of the following liver functions does not concern protein metabolism

Back 93

forming bile

Front 94

The function of the gallbladder is to

Back 94

store and release bile

Front 95

Which of the following is a function of bile?

Back 95

emulsification of fats

Front 96

The velvety appearance of the lining of the small intestine is due to the presence of

Back 96

villi

Front 97

Glands within the small intestine produce enzymes that break down

Back 97

peptides

Front 98

Which of the following nutrients are absorbed by the lacteals of the villi of the small intestine?

Back 98

fats

Front 99

What are the nutrients that enter blood capillaries via intestinal villi

Back 99

amino acids,monosaccharides electrolytes

Front 100

The internal and external anal sphincters close the

Back 100

anus

Front 101

What contains both smooth and skeletal muscle as well as receptors for temperature and pain.

Back 101

lips

Front 102

Skeletal muscle makes up most of the bulk of the tongue true or false?

Back 102

true

Front 103

Mucous cells of the gastric glands secrete a thick alkaline substance that coats the lining of the stomach and prevents its digestion by pepsin and hydrochloric acid. trueor false?

Back 103

true

Front 104

What cells produce and secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl).

Back 104

Parietal cells

Front 105

the root ofthe tongueis covered with rounded masses oflymphatic tissue called?

Back 105

lingual tonsils

Front 106

trace path of digestion system

Back 106

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,small intestine, large intestine rectum, anus