Chapter 15 Abraham Maslow

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MASLOW CENTERED HIS THEORY OF MOTIVATION ON THE ____________ OF ________ ________ HE CONTENDED THAT HUMANS HAVE A NUMBER OF NEEDS THAT ARE __________ MEANING, THAT THEY ARE INNATE. HE CHOSE THIS TERM TO DEMONSTRATE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OUR BIOLOGICAL HERITAGE AND TAHT OF NONHUMAN ANIMALS.

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HIERARCHY OF HUMAN NEEDS

INSTINCTOID.

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4 TYPES OF NEEDS:
Physiological needs

Safety needs

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Belongingness and love needs

Esteem needs

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THE NEEDS DIRECTLY RELATED TO SURVIVAL THAT WE SHARE WITH OTHER ANIMALS. INCLUDE FOOD, WATER, SEX, ELIMINATION AND SLEEP ARE KNOWN AS _________ - ____________ IF ONE OF THESE IS NOT MET IT WILL COMPLETELY DOMINATE THE INDIVIDUAL'S LIFE.

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PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS.

FOR A VERY HUNGRY PERSON A UTOPIA WILL BE DEFINED AS A PLACE WERE HE OR SHE CAN EAT, ALL OTHER NEEDS ARE DEFINED AS UNIMPORTANT.

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WHEN THE PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS ARE SATISFACTORILY MET, THE __________ ________ EMERGE AS DOMINANT MOTIVES, THESE INCLUDE THE NEED FOR STRUCTURE, ORDER, SECURITY AND PREDICTABILITY

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SAFETY NEEDS

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WHEN THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND SAFETY NEEDS ARE SATISFIED, THE PERSON IS NOW DRIVEN BY THE NEED FOR AFFILIATION, KNOWN AS _______ AND ________ NEEDS. THESE INCLUDE THE NEEDS FOR FRIENDS AND COMPANIONS, A SUPPORTIVE FAMILY, IDENTIFICATION WITH A GROUP AND AN INTIMATE RELATIONSHIP.

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BELONGINGNESS AND LOVE NEEDS

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IF ONE HAS BEEN FORTUNATE ENOUGH TO SATISFY PHYSIOLOGICAL, SAFETY AND BELONGINGNESS AND LOVE NEEDS, THE NEED FOR __________ WILL BEGIN TO DOMINATE ONE'S LIFE. THIS GROUP OF NEEDS REQUIRES BOTH RECOGNITION FROM OTHER PEOPLE THAT RESULT IN FEELINGS OF PRESTIGE, ACCEPTANCE, AND STATUS AND SELF ESTEEM THAT RESULTS IN FEELINGS OF ADEQUACY, COMPETENCE AND CONFIDENCE. LACK OF SATISFACTION OF THE ESTEEM NEEDS RESULTS IN DISCOURAGEMENT AND FEELINGS OF INFERIORITY.

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ESTEEM NEEDS.

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_______-_____________ – highest level in the hierarchy of needs which can be reached only if the preceding need levels have been adequately satisfied.

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Self-actualization
The self-actualizing individual operates at full capacity and is B-motivated rather than D-motivated

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HIERARCHY OF NEEDS:
PHYSIOLOGICAL > SAFETY> BELONGINGESS>ESTEEM> SELF ACTUALIZATION

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SOME PEOPLE HAVE GONE SO LONG WITH A CERTAIN NEED ONLY PARTIALLY SATISFIED THAT THEY LOSE ALL DESIRE TO EVER PROGRESS BEYOND THEM.

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One set of needs does not require complete satisfaction before the next higher set is reached

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NO MATTER WHAT SET OF NEEDS IN THE HIERARCHY A PERSON IS CONCENTRATING ON, HE OR SHE IS ALSO ADDRESSING OTHER SETS OF NEEDS AT THE SAME TIME.

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Desire to _________ AND ____________ – innate curiosity that Maslow believed was functionally related to the ability to satisfy all human needs
________ _________ – innate need for symmetry, closure, and order, observed most clearly in children and in self-actualizing adults

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know and understand
Aesthetic needs

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WHEN A PERSON HAS MET A SATISFACTORY DEGREE, BECOMES DIFFERENT FROM THOSE WHO ARE STILL ATTEMPTING TO MEET THEIR BASIC NEEDS. THE SELF ACTUALIZING PERSON'S LIFE IS GOVERNED BY _____________ _______ WHICH MASLOW ALSO CALLED METAMOTIVES. THESE ARE THOSE HIGHER ASPECTS OF LIFE PURSUED BY SELF ACTUALIZING INDIVIDUALS. INCLUDE TRUTH, GOODNESS, BEAUTY, JUSTICE AND PERFECTION.

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BEING VALUES.

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BECAUSE. BEIGN MOTIVATION AFFECTS PERSONAL INNER GROWTH, IT IS ALSO CALLED ___________ _______ THIS IS THE MOTIVATION GOVERNED BY THE PURSUIT OF B VALUES INSTEAD OF BY THE SATISFACTION OF BASIC DEFICIENCIES.

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GROWTH MOTIVATION.

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THE LIVES OF NONACTUALIZING PEOPLE ARE GOVERNED BY ______ -_______ (D MOTIVES) IN OTHER WORDS, THEY ARE INFLUENCED BY THE ABSENCE OF SUCH A THINGS AS FOOD, LOVE OR ESTEEM.

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DEFICIENCY MOTIVES.

* THESE ARE NEEDS OR DEFICIENCIES THAT EXIST IN THE HIERARCHY OF NEEDS PRIOR TO THE LEVEL OF SELF ACTUALIZATION.

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THE PERCEPTION OF NONACTUALIZING PERSON IS INFLUENCED BY HIS OR HER DEFICIENCIES AND IS THEREFORE CALLED _____________ - ________ PERCEPTION OR (D PERCEPTION OR D COGNITION)

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NEED DIRECTED PERCEPTION.
THIS IS THE PERCEPTION MOTIVATED BY A SEARCH FOR OBJECTS OR EVENTS THAT WILL SATISFY A BASIC NEED; FOR EXAMPLE A HUNGRY PERSON LOOKS FOR FOOD.

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__________ ________ (B cognition) refers to a more passive mode of perceiving. it involves letting oneself be reached, touched, or affected by what is there so that the PERCEPTION is richer.

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BEING COGNITION

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_____- LOVE: MOTIVATED BY THE NEED FOR LOVE AND BELONGINGNESS. SUCH A LOVE IS SELFISH BECAUSE IT SATISFIES A PERSONAL DEFICIENCY. SUCH LOVE CONTRASTS WITH B LOVE.

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D- LOVE

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____ - LOVE . IS A DEEP NONPOSSESIVE, INSATIABLE, EMOTIONAL RELATIONSHIP THAT IS NOT AIMED AT SATISFYING ANY PARTICULAR NEED. SUCH LOVE CONTRAST WITH D -LOVE

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B-LOVE.

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_________________ – psychological disorder that results when being motive is not allowed proper expression

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Metapathology

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WHY SELF ACTUALIZATION IS NOT UNIVERSAL:
Not all adults are self-actualized
Maslow estimates that only 1% are
Reasoning:
1. Because it is at the top of the hierarchy it is the weakest need and easily impeded

2. Most people fear the kind of knowledge about themselves that self-actualization requires

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REASONING:
3. Cultural environment can stifle one’s tendency toward actualization by imposing certain norms on segments of the population
4. Must choose growth over safety
5. Freedom within limits

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______________ – name for the utopia that Maslow believed a community of healthy adults could create

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Eupsychia

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____________ – working together

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Synergy

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