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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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brain
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comprising the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain
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cerebrum
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main portion of the brain
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cerebellum
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situated on the back of the brain stem
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brain stem
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the stemlike portion of the brain connecting the cerebral hemispheres witht he spinal cord
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encephalon
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located between the cerebrum and midbrain
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spinal cord
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that part of the central nervous system loged in the spinal column
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meninges
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the three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
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dura mater
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the outermost, toughest of the three meninges of the brain and spinal cord
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arachnoid
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the delicate membrane interposed between the dura mater and the pia mater
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pia mater
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the innermost of the three meninges covering the brain and spinal cord
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cerebrospinal fluid
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fluid within the ventricles of the brain, the subarachoid space, and the central canal
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cranial nerves
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the 12 pairs of nerves emerging from the cranial cavity through various opening in the skull
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olfactory
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sense of smell
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optic
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vision
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oculomotor
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movements of the eye
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trochlear
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muscles of the eyes
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trigeminal
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facial movements
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abducens
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muscles of the eye turning the eye outward
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facial
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muscles of the face, ears, and sclap
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auditory
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pertaining to the ear or the sense of hearing
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glossopharyngeal
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pertaining to the ongue and pharynx
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penumogastric vagus
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voice and swallowing
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spinal
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neck muscles
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hypoglossal
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beneath the tongue
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spinal accessory nerves
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the 31 pairs of nerves w/o special names
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sympathetic
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the part of the autonomic nervous system assisting the body in emergencies, defense, and survival
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parasympathetic
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the part of the autonomic nervous system bring body functions back to normal after a stressful situation has ended
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abscess
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secondary infection in the body
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Alzheimer's disease
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characterized by confusion, restlessness, agnosia, spech distrubances, inabiity to carry out purposeful movements, and hallucinations
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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progressive degeneration of the upper and lower motor neruons
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anencephaly
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congenital absence of the brain
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Bell's palsy
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unilateral facial paralysis of sudden onset caused by lesion of the facial nerve
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carpal tunnel syndrome
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the disorder is largely due to repetitive overuse of the fingers, hands, or wrists, which causes inflammation of the median nerve in the tunnel
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cerebral palsy
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paralysis from developmental defects or trauma
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cerebrovascualr accident
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a decrease in blood flow supply ot the brain, cuasing death to the specific protion of the brain tissue affected
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concussion
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a violent blow to the head
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convulsion
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an involuntary contraction or series of contractions of the voluntary muscles
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encephalitis
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inflammation of the brain
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epilepsy
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seizure disorder
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fracture
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a break in the bones of the skull
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grand mal seizure
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also called tonic-clonic seizures
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hematoma
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blood "tumor"
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herpes zoster
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shingles
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hyrocephalus
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water on the brain
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Huntington's chorea
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ceaseless occurence of rapid, jerky, involuntary movements
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Korsakoff's syndrome
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an alcoholic psychosis with disorientation, progressing to complete amnesia
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meningitis
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inflammation of the meninges caused by baceterial viral, or fungal infection
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meningocele
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hernail protusion of the meninges through a bone defect in the cranium or vertebral column
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multiple sclerosis
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brain and cord contain areas of degenerated myelin
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myasthenia gravis
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a progressive neruomuscular disorder characterized by chronic fatigue and muscle weakness
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neuropathy
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disease of cranial and peripheral nervous system
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organic brain syndrome
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any mental disorder caused by impairment of brain tissue function
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Parkinson's disease
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a slowly progessive, dengerative, neurologic disorder
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petit mal seizures
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a minor seizure lasting only a few seconds
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poliomyelitis
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an acute viral disease with fever, sore throat, headache, vomiting, and often stiffness of the neck and back
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sciatica
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severe pain in the leg along the course of the sciatic nerve
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shunt
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to bypass
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spinal cord injuries
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a traumatic disruption of the spinal cord
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subdural hematoma
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the blood is usually a result of a closed head injury or chornic alcoholism
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Tay-Sach's disease
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an inherited inborn error of metabolism in which there is an enzme deficiency causing altered lipid metabloism
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laboratory procedures
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examination of cerebrospinal fluid
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laminectomy
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excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra to view the spinal cord or to relieve pressure
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lumbar puncture
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spinal tap
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lumbasr sympathectomy
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a surgical interruption of part of the sympathetic nerve pathways
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MRI
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nonivasisve technique using magnetic waves to create an image of the brain
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myelogram
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the film produced by myelography
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nerve block
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injection of anesthetic into a nerve to produce the loss of sensation
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nerve cells
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conducting cells of the nervous system, consisting of a cell body containing the nucleus and its surrounding cytoplasm
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pneumoencephalogram
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the radiograph obtained by visualization of the fulid-containing structures of the brain after cerebrospinal fluid is intermittently withdrawn by lumbar puncture and replaced by air, oxygen, or helium
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PET scan
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images of various structures show how the brrain uses glucose
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rhizotomy
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cutting the roots of the spinal nerves to relieve incurable pain
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Romberg test
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a test of the sense of balance
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trephination
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drilling a hole in the skull to evacuate clots or inject air for a diagnostic procedure
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vagotomy
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surgical transection of the fibers of the vagus nerve
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ventriculography
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radiography of the cerebral ventricles after introduction of air or other contrast medium
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affect
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the feelin experienced in connection with an emotion
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aggression
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hostile attitude
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ambivalence
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conflicting emotional attitudes toward a goal
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amnesia
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loss of memory
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autism
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complete withdrawal
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catatonia
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excessive violent motor activity
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delusion
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a false personal belief
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delirium
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a mental disturbance of relatively short duration
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depression
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a morbid sadness
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echolalia
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automatic repetition by a patient of what is said to him or her
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electroconvulsive therapy
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introducing convulsions by means of electricity
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hallucination
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hearing or seein ghtings not really present
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hypochondria
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imaginary illnesses
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hysteria
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extremely emotional state
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involutional melancholia
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mental illness in late middle life
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malingering
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make believe
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megalomania
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belief in one's own extreme greatness
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neurasthenia
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a stage in the recovery from a schizophrenic experience
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neurosis
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an emotional disorder caused by unresolved conflicts
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paranoid
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a person who is overly suspicious
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phobia
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any persistent abnormal dread or fear
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psychosis
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a major mental disorder, with personality derangement
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REM
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occur during periods of dreaming
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schizophrenia
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ay group of severe emotional disorders
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aphasia
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loss of ability to speak
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ataxia
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failure of muscular coordination
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biofeedback
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the processof furnishing a person with information on the state of one or more physiologic variables
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cauda equina
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the collection of spinal roots descending from the lower spinal cord
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comatose
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in a deep stupor
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contrecoup
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denoting an injury to the brain
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DTR
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a reflex elicited by a sharptap on the appropriate tendon or muscle to induce brief strech of the muscle
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encephalon
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the brain
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fissure
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deap furrow in the brain
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flaccid
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weak
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foramen magnum
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a large opening in the occipital bone
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ganglion
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a knot
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gyrus
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covolutions of the cerebrum
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hemisphere
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either half of the brain
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ipsilateral
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siutated on or affecting the same side
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limbic system
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the part of the brain associated with attitudes and emotional behavior
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manometer
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an instrument for measureing the pressure
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myelin
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white, liquid, fatty substance surrounding some nerve fibers
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neurilemma
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the membrane surrounding the peripheral nerves
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paralysis
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inability to use muscles because of damage to the nervous system
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paresis
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slight or incomplete paralysis
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paresthesia
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an abnormal sensation
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plexus
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a network of nerves
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reflex
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an involuntary response to a stimulus
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spastic
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uncontrollable and forced contraction
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stimulus
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any agent, act, or influence that produces a reaction or response
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sulcus
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a groove, trench, or furrow on the brain surface
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syncope
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a faint
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ventricle
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a small cavity inthe brain
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