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34 Cards in this Set
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eclectic approach |
anapproach to psychotherapythat, depending on theclient’s problems, usestechniques from variousforms of therapy. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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psychotherapy |
treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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psychoanalysis |
Sigmund Freud’stherapeutic technique. Freud believedthe patient’s free associations, resistances,dreams, and transferences—andthe therapist’s interpretations of them—released previously repressed feelings,allowing the patient to gain self-insight. Approach: Psychoanalytic |
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resistance |
in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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interpretation |
in psychoanalysis, theanalyst’s noting supposed dream meanings,resistances, and other significantbehaviors and events in order topromote insight. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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transference |
in psychoanalysis, thepatient’s transfer to the analyst ofemotions linked with other relationships(such as love or hatred for a parent). Approach: psychoanalytic |
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psychodynamic therapy |
therapyderiving from the psychoanalytic traditionthat views individuals as respondingto unconscious forces and childhoodexperiences, and that seeks to enhanceself-insight. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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insight therapies |
a variety of therapieswhich aim to improve psychologicalfunctioning by increasing the client’sawareness of underlying motives anddefenses. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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client-centered therapy |
a humanistictherapy, developed by Carl Rogers, inwhich the therapist uses techniquessuch as active listening within a genuine,accepting, empathic environment tofacilitate clients’ growth. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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active listening |
empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers’ client-centered therapy. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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unconditional positive regard |
a caring,accepting, nonjudgmental attitude,which Carl Rogers believed to be conduciveto developing self-awareness andself-acceptance. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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behavior therapy |
therapy thatapplies learning principles to the eliminationof unwanted behaviors. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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counterconditioning |
a behavior therapyprocedure that uses classical conditioningto evoke new responses to stimulithat are triggering unwanted behaviors;includes exposure therapies andaversive conditioning. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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exposure therapies |
behavioral techniques,such as systematic desensitization,that treat anxieties by exposingpeople (in imagination or actuality) tothe things they fear and avoid. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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systematic desensitization |
a type ofexposure therapy that associates apleasant relaxed state with graduallyincreasing anxiety-triggering stimuli.Commonly used to treat phobias. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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virtual reality exposure therapy |
Ananxiety treatment that progressivelyexposes people to simulations of theirgreatest fears, such as airplane flying,spiders, or public speaking. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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aversive conditioning |
a type ofcounterconditioning that associates anunpleasant state (such as nausea) withan unwanted behavior (such as drinkingalcohol). Approach: psychoanalytic |
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token economy |
an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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cognitive therapy |
therapy thatteaches people new, more adaptiveways of thinking and acting; based onthe assumption that thoughts intervenebetween events and our emotionalreactions. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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cognitive-behavior therapy |
a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior). Approach: psychoanalytic |
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family therapy |
therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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regression toward the mean |
n the tendencyfor extremes of unusual scores tofall back (regress) toward their average. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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meta-analysis |
a procedure for statisticallycombining the results of manydifferent research studies. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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evidence-based practice |
clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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antipsychotic drugs |
drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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tardive dyskinesia |
involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors. Approach: biological |
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antianxiety drugs |
drugs used to controlanxiety and agitation. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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antidepressant drugs |
drugs used totreat depression; also increasingly prescribedfor anxiety. Different types workby altering the availability of variousneurotransmitters. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) |
a biomedical therapy for severelydepressed patients in which a brief electriccurrent is sent through the brain ofan anesthetized patient. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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repetitive transcranial magneticstimulation (rTMS) |
the application ofrepeated pulses of magnetic energy tothe brain; used to stimulate or suppressbrain activity. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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psychosurgery |
surgery that removesor destroys brain tissue in an effort tochange behavior. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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lobotomy |
a now-rare psychosurgicalprocedure once used to calm uncontrollablyemotional or violent patients. Theprocedure cut the nerves connecting thefrontal lobes to the emotion-controllingcenters of the inner brain. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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biomedical therapy |
prescribed medicationsor medical procedures that actdirectly on the patient’s nervous system. Approach: psychoanalytic |
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psychopharmacology |
the study of theeffects of drugs on mind and behavior. Approach: psychoanalytic |
