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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Replication is? |
Make a copy of DNA |
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Transcription is? |
Rewrite/create an RNA from DNA Comes first |
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How is RNA different from DNA |
-RNA is single-stranded has ribose and has a U -DNA is double-stranded has deoxyribose doesn't have a U |
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Translation is? |
Use RNA to make proteins |
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What describes the process of DNA creating RNA and RNA creating proteins? |
Central dogma |
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What enzyme is primarily responsible for the transcription of mRNA |
RNA polymerase 2 |
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What enzyme is primarily responsible for the transcription of rRNA |
RNA polymerase 1 |
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What enzyme is primarily responsible for the transcription of tRNA |
RNA polymerase 3 |
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What's the difference between tRNA, rRNA, & mRNA? |
-rRNA-ribosomal RNA= does not make proteins just a piece of the ribosomes -mRNA-Messenger RNA= only one that actually makes proteins -tRNA-transfer RNA= transports amino acids to the ribosome's |
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What is the region where these enzymes attach to called? |
Promote region |
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What's the most common sequence for this region |
TATA Box (TATAAAA) |
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What signals these enzymes to come to this region? |
Transcription factors |
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What does it mean to RNA polymerase will move downstream? |
It will move from the 3' end to the 5' end of the DNA |
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What direction is RNA transcribed in? |
Same as the name from 5' end to 3' end |
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What are the three things that must be done to mRNA before I can leave the nucleus? |
-5' capping- when we add guanine to the 5' end of the protein if from degrading -3' poly-A- tail- 200 A's added to the 3' end to protect RNA -mRNA splicing-remove the introns and glue the exons back together |
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What are exons |
Codes for proteins |
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What are introns |
Don't do anything |
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When do you name creates an RNA strand what is the region called where this is taking place and how does it work? |
Transcription bubble-The front of the DNA will open in the back will close |
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What if triplet codon |
3 bases from a mRNA |
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How many amino acids are there |
20 total |
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Does only one triplet code for each amino acid? Why? |
No because there are 64 possible codons and only 20 amino acids |
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What would inserting 1,2 or 3 nucleotides do to the amino acid sequence? |
Adding 1 or 2 bases would mess up all the amino acids after it and if you add 3was that it it would just add an extra Meno acid |
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What does a stop codon do |
-Going to signal the mRNA to stop making proteins -AUG is always the beginning and it signals translation to start |
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Why does translation support the idea of life originating from one place |
All living organisms use the same codes to make protein |
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What is the function of rRNA in the ribosome? |
rRNA is the binding site for mRNA & tRNA to connect |
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What is the structure of tRNA |
It has an amino acid on one end and a anti-codon with three bases on the other end |
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Describe the process of translation |
-mRNA slides through the ribosomes. rRNA read the code on in signals the tRNA to come and attach. (Repeat) -amino acids are going to bond together with peptide bond to create a polypeptide chain |
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What happens at A site |
tRNA With let me know acid attaches |
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What happens at P site |
Amino acids joined together in polypeptide chain is here |
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What happens at E site |
tRNA Leaves without amino acids |
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What shape is a polypeptide chain in for the primary structure |
A straight line |
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What causes the secondary structure of form and what shape can it be |
Helix and beta pleated sheets & this is because of hydrogen bonds |
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What causes the tertiary shape |
The R Group on the amino acids |
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What causes the quaternary shape? |
How multiple polypeptide chains bond together |
