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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.
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Social psychology
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Suggests how we explain someone's behavior - by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition.
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Attribution theory
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The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.
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Fundamental attribution error
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Feelings, often based on our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.
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Attitude
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The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.
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Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
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A set of explanations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.
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Role
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The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes.
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Cognitive dissonance theory
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Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
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Conformity
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Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.
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Normative social influence
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Influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.
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Informational social influence
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Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.
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Social facilitation
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The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.
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Social loafing
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The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.
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Deindividuation
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The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.
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Group polarization
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The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
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Groupthink
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An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.
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Prejudice
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A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people.
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Stereotype
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Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members.
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Discrimination
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"Us" - people with whom one shares a common identity.
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Ingroup
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"Them" - those perceived as different or apart from one's ingroup.
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Outgroup
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The tendency to favor one's own group.
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Ingroup bias
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The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.
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Scapegoat theory
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The tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
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Just-world phenomenon
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Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy.
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Aggression
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The principle that frustration - the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal - creates anger, which can generate aggression.
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Frustration-aggression principle
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The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.
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More exposure effect
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An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship.
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Passionate love
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The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined.
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Compassionate love
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A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it.
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Equity
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Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others.
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Self-disclosure
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Unselfish regard for the welfare of others.
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Altruism
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The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.
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Bystander effect
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A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas.
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Conflict
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Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.
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Superordinate goals
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Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction - a strategy designed to decrease international tensions.
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GRIT
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