Chapter 15

Front 1

What is always present in the ANS?

Back 1

A synapse between the CNS and the effector organ

Front 2

Where are post ganglionic neurons of the ANS located?

Back 2

Autonomic ganglia

Front 3

Post ganglionic neurons are myelinated or unmyelinated?

Back 3

Unmyelinated

Front 4

Why are post ganglionic neurons unmyelinated?

Back 4

They enter gray ramus

Front 5

What part of the ANS maintains homeostasis during rest?

Back 5

Parasympathetic

Front 6

Where are pre ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division located?

Back 6

Lateral gray horn of segments T1 to L2

Front 7

Another name for the sympathetic division?

Back 7

Thoracolumbar division

Front 8

Group of second order neurons of the sympathetic neurons lying along either side of the spinal cord

Back 8

Sympathetic chain ganglia

Front 9

Group of second order neurons of the sympathetic division that innervate organs in the abdomino-pelvic region

Back 9

Collateral ganglia

Front 10

Another name for collateral ganglia

Back 10

Pre-vertebral ganglia

Front 11

Specialized group of second order neurons of the sympathetic division that release epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood stream are located where?

Back 11

Adrenal medullae of adrenal glands on the kidney

Front 12

Post-ganglionic nerve role regarding sweat secretion

Back 12

Increases

Front 13

Sympathetic Post-ganglionic nerve role regarding gastric motility

Back 13

Decreases

Front 14

Sympathetic Post-ganglionic nerve role regarding blood circulation in the skin

Back 14

Reduced circulation (vasoconstriction of blood vessels that supply the skin)

Front 15

Sympathetic Post-ganglionic nerve role regarding skeletal muscle blood vessels

Back 15

Increased. Vasodilation of blood vessels that supply skeletal muscle)

Front 16

Sympathetic Post-ganglionic nerve role regarding heart rate

Back 16

Increased

Front 17

Sympathetic Post-ganglionic nerve role regarding pupils

Back 17

Dilation

Front 18

Sympathetic Post-ganglionic nerve role regarding bronchi

Back 18

Dilation

Front 19

What kind of drugs are used to treat an asthmatic patient

Back 19

Sympathomimetic drugs

Front 20

Sympathetic Post-ganglionic nerve role regarding metabolism

Back 20

Increased (catabolism)

Front 21

Increased metabolism

Back 21

Catabolism

Front 22

Parasympathetic nerve role regarding sweat gland

Back 22

No action

Front 23

Parasympathetic nerve role regarding gastric motility

Back 23

Increased (most important role)

Front 24

Parasympathetic nerve role regarding blood vessels

Back 24

Vasodilation

Front 25

Parasympathetic nerve role regarding heart rate

Back 25

Decreased

Front 26

Parasympathetic nerve role regarding pupils

Back 26

Constriction

Front 27

Parasympathetic nerve role regarding bronchi

Back 27

Constriction

Front 28

Parasympathetic nerve role regarding metabolism

Back 28

Decreased metabolism (anabolism)

Front 29

Decreased metabolism

Back 29

Anabolism

Front 30

The splanchnic nerves are sympathetic/parasympathetic?

Back 30

Sympathetic

Front 31

The splanchnic nerves originate where?

Back 31

Originate from the first order neurons (pre-ganglionic)

Front 32

The splanchnic nerves are located where?

Back 32

In lower thoracic, lumbar, and sacral segments of the spinal cord

Front 33

The splanchnic nerves carry nerves that synapse where?

Back 33

In the collateral ganglia (Pre-vertebral ganglia)

Front 34

The splanchnic nerves control sympathetic functions of what organs?

Back 34

Organs in the abdomino-pelvic cavity

Front 35

If the splanchnic nerves were injured what organ system would be affected?

Back 35

Digestive system

Front 36

What are the three sympathetic ganglia of the sympathetic division?

Back 36

Sympathetic chain ganglia, collateral ganglia, adrenal medullae

Front 37

What are the three major collateral ganglia of the sympathetic division?

Back 37

Celiac ganglia, superior mesenteric ganglia, inferior mesenteric ganglia

Front 38

The celiac ganglion belongs to what division?

Back 38

Sympathetic. Specifically the collateral ganglia

Front 39

Celiac ganglia innervate what organs?

Back 39

Stomach, liver, gall bladder and pancreas

Front 40

Another name for the parasympathetic division?

Back 40

Craniosacral division

Front 41

Where can the pre-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division be found in the cranium?

Back 41

Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X

Front 42

Where can the pre-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division be found in the sacrum?

Back 42

S2-S4 and pelvic nerves (pelvic splanchnic nerves)

Front 43

Four cranial outflows of post-ganglionic fibers of parasympathetic neurons

Back 43

Ciliary, pterygopalatine, submandibular, and otic ganglia

Front 44

Sacral outflow of post-ganglionic fibers of parasympathetic nerves synapse at what organs?

Back 44

Synapse at intramural ganglion of the rectum, urinary bladder, kidney, and the reproductive organs

Front 45

Intramural ganglion innervate what organs?

Back 45

Rectum, urinary bladder, kidney, and the reproductive organs

Front 46

Splanchnic nerve is sympathetic/parasympathetic?

Back 46

Sympathetic

Front 47

Pelvic nerve is sympathetic/parasympathetic?

Back 47

Parasympathetic

Front 48

Intramural ganglion is sympathetic/parasympathetic?

Back 48

Parasympathetic

Front 49

Pre-ganglionic of intramural ganglion?

Back 49

Pelvic nerve

Front 50

Sympathetic activation is controlled by what part of the brain

Back 50

Sympathetic centers of the hypothalamus

Front 51

Autonomic plexus definition

Back 51

A network that contains both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

Front 52

Dual innervation definition

Back 52

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in an organ

Front 53

6 autonomic plexuses

Back 53

Cardiac

Pulmonary

Celiac

Superior mesenteric

Inferior mesenteric

Hypogastric

Front 54

Celiac plexus contains what ganglia?

Back 54

Celiac ganglia

Front 55

Hypogastric plexus contains what ganglia?

Back 55

Inferior mesenteric ganglia

Front 56

Stimulation of alpha-1 receptors by nor-epinephrine would result in the release of what?

Back 56

Intracellular calcium stores (epsp)

Front 57

Which neurotransmitter stimulates alpha-1 receptors that results in the release of intracellular calcium stores?

Back 57

Nor-epinephrine

Front 58

Nor-epinephrine stimulates which receptor which results in the release of intracellular calcium stores?

Back 58

Alpha-1

Front 59

stimulation of the beta-1 receptors on the heart muscle causes the formation of what?

Back 59

Cyclic AMP

Front 60

Cyclic AMP is released by the simulation of what receptor?

Back 60

Beta-1

Front 61

where are beta-1 receptors found?

Back 61

The heart

Front 62

Cyclic AMP has what effect on the heart?

Back 62

Increases the heart rate and increase the force of cardiac muscle contraction

Front 63

Stimulation of beta-2 receptors via an inhaler causes what?

Back 63

Bronchodilation

Front 64

Beta receptor causes what?

Back 64

Vasoconstriction

Front 65

What drug is used to treat hypertension?

Back 65

Beta-blockers (sympathetic blocking agent)

Front 66

Drugs that have an effect similar to those of nor-epinephrine?

Back 66

Sympathomimetic drugs

Front 67

Sympathomimetic drugs have a similar effect to what?

Back 67

Nor-epinephrine

Front 68

Drugs that have a similar effect to those of parasympathetic

Back 68

Parasympathomimetic drugs

Front 69

Parasympathomimetic drugs have a similar effect to what?

Back 69

Parasympathetic

Front 70

What drugs target muscarinic receptors?

Back 70

Parasympathomimetic drugs

Front 71

Where do mushroom toxins bind to?

Back 71

Muscarine receptors

Front 72

Act as the main end-receptor stimulated by acetylcholine released from postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic nervous system

Back 72

Muscarinic receptors

Front 73

Muscarinic receptors definition

Back 73

Act as the main end-receptor stimulated by acetylcholine released from postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic nervous system

Front 74

Parasympathetic stimulation causes what in the lungs?

Back 74

Bronchoconstriction

Front 75

Toxin from muscarinic mushroom causes what in the lungs

Back 75

Bronchoconstriction that leads to difficulty breathing

Front 76

Neurotransmitter that may link to schizophrenia

Back 76

Dopamine

Front 77

What neurotransmitter is released in presynaptic facilitation?

Back 77

Serotonin

Front 78

Serotonin is released in pre/post synaptic facilitation

Back 78

Pre

Front 79

Drugs that block secretion of ____ in the CNS can cause depression

Back 79

Nor-epinephrine

Front 80

Drugs that block the secretion of nor-epinephrine in the CNS can cause what?

Back 80

Depression

Front 81

What is useful in treating diarrhea?

Back 81

Parasympathetic blocking agents

Front 82

Why are parasympathetic blocking agents useful in treating diarrhea?

Back 82

They block the role of parasympathetic in digestive function

Front 83

Sweat glands contain what kind of receptors?

Back 83

Cholinergic

Front 84

Dual innervation refers to what?

Back 84

An organ receiving both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.

Front 85

Autonomic tone function

Back 85

Allows ANS neurons to increase or decrease their activity, providing a range of control options

Front 86

Function that allows ANS neurons to increase and decrease their activity, providing a range of control options

Back 86

Autonomic tone

Front 87

Most post-ganglionic of the sympathetic division release what?

Back 87

Nor-epinephrine

Front 88

Only post-ganglionic sympathetic nerves for sweat glands release what?

Back 88

Acetylcholine

Front 89

Acetylcholine released in post-ganglionic sympathetic nerves for what?

Back 89

Sweat glands

Front 90

Pre-ganglionic sympathetic nerves release what?

Back 90

Acetylcholine

Front 91

Both the pre-ganglionic and the post-ganglionic of the parasympathetic release what?

Back 91

Acetylcholine

Front 92

Acetylcholine is released in what ANS systems? (specifically, which ganglia)

Back 92

Post-ganglionic sympathetic nerves for sweat glands, and both pre and post-ganglionic of the parasympathetic

Front 93

Nicotinic receptors are part of which ANS nerve?

Back 93

Parasympathetic

Front 94

How do nicotinic receptors produce an epsp?

Back 94

Opening sodium channels

Front 95

Where are nicotinic receptors found?

Back 95

NMJ. Found in both ANS and SNS

Front 96

What activates nicotinic receptors

Back 96

Acetylcholine

Front 97

Muscarinic receptors are part of which ANS nerve?

Back 97

Parasympathetic

Front 98

Muscarinic receptors are EPSP or IPSP?

Back 98

Both

Front 99

Muscarinic receptors are activated by what?

Back 99

Acetylcholine

Front 100

Where are muscarinic receptors found?

Back 100

Surface of smooth muscle

Front 101

Examples of visceral reflexes

Back 101

Defecation, vomiting, coughing, swallowing, papillary, urination, and ejaculation in response to tactile stimuli

Front 102

Defecation, vomiting, coughing, swallowing, papillary, urination, and ejaculation in response to tactile stimuli are examples of what kind of reflex?

Back 102

Visceral reflex

Front 103

During sleep ____ activity increases and ____ activity decreases

Back 103

Parasympathetic. Sympathetic.

Front 104

Increasing activity of parasympathetic division has what effect on the heart?

Back 104

Heart rate and blood pressure decrease

Front 105

Increasing of activity of parasympathetic division has what effect on the penis?

Back 105

Erection due to vasodilation