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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are criteria/conventional pollutants? |
Conventional pollutants that are relatively common, and only dangerous in high concentrations. EPA dictates that criteria documents must be produced to set acceptable standards. |
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What are the two ambient standards? |
Primary Standard to protect human health
Secondary Standard to protect aesthetics, vegetation, etc. |
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What agencies are primarily responsible for controlling conventional/criteria pollutants? |
State law enforcement agencies |
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What are the areas that decline to meet standards deadlines called? |
They are called non-attainment regions |
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What are the five aspects of the standards setting process? (Command and Control) (TLCTF) |
1) Threshold concept 2) Level of standard 3) Choice of uniform standards over custom standards 4) Timing of emission flows 5) Failure to incorporate degree of human exposure |
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What is the health threshold? |
Margin of safety that is sufficiently high enough to limit adverse health effects by any member of the population. |
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What is meant by standard uniformity? |
Same primary and secondary ambient standards apply to all parts of a country |
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Why should timing of emission flows be considered? |
When weather patterns do not permit proper dilution or dispersion, then pollutants tend to stay in their source area. This is a huge problem, and should be avoided by considering the timing of seasons, weather patterns, etc. |
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Why is indoor air quality so important? |
In the US, only 10% of person hours are spent outside Therefore, the 90% of hours we spend inside become very important when designing air quality that will mitigate health risks due to the presence of pollutants |
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What is true about air quality and how it has improved/worsened in certain countries around the world? |
In general, air quality has worsened in developing nations due to industrialization, and air quality has improved in already developed countries E.g. worse in India, better in UK |
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Why is air quality worsening in developing countries? |
Cannot afford to waste large sums of money on inefficient environmental policies, especially in inefficiencies are going to subsidize the rich at the expense of the poor |
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Can the same substance be both a regional and local pollutant? |
Yes, it just depends on the distance the pollutant travels, not the actual pollutant |
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What is meant by "dilution is the solution"? |
States first thought that the best way to eliminate local pollution was to build tall stacks and put pollution high in the air This decreased local pollution, however greatly increased regional pollution |
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What is the issue with command and control approaches? |
They tend to be neither cost effective nor efficient |
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What did the Clean Air Act really do? |
By putting an emphasis on local pollutant reduction, dilution is the solution became the mantra, and tall stacks were built to disperse pollutants This essentially made it easier to reach ambient ground standards, and reduced local costs However this greatly increased regional pollution, and created another problem entirely |
