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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pulmonary Circuit
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sends deoxygenated blood to lungs
picks up 02 and unloads CO2 |
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Systemic Circuit
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sends ocygen rich blood and nutrients to body cells removes waste
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Pericardium
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double walled sac
outer bag-fibrous pericardium inner - serous membrane |
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Fibrous Pericardium
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attaches to diaphragm, sternum, vertebral clumn, and large cessels
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Pericardial Cavity
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Between visceral and paretal pericardium
contains fluid to reduce friction |
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Serous Pericardium
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underinfalated balloon
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Epicardium wall layer of heart
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"visceral pericardium"
serous membrane protective covering contains capillaries and nerve fibers |
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Myocardium wall layer of heart
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cardiac muscle
contracts to pump blood |
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Enocardium wall layer of heart
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forms protective inner lining of vessels
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Atrium
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upper chamber "holding tank"
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Ventricle
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lower chamber "pumper"
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Right Atrium
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recieves blood from inferior vena cana, superior vena cava, coronary sinus
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Right Ventricle
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receives blood from right atrium
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Left Atrium
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reveives blood from pulmonary veins
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Left Ventricle
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receives blood from left atrium
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Tricuspid Valve
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Right A-V valve between right atrium and right ventricle
3 taperings |
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Bicuspid Valve
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Left A-V valve between left atrium and left ventricle
2 cusps "mitral valve" |
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Pulmonary Valve
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semilunar valve
between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk |
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Aortic Valve
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semilunar vlave
between left ventricle and aorta |
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Path of Blood through Heart
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blood from systemic circuit -venae cava - r. atrium - r. ventricle - pulmonary trunk - pulmonary arteries - lungs - pulmonary veins - l.atrium - l. ventricle - aorta - blood to systemic ciruit
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Systole
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contraction
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diastole
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relaxation
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Atrial systole/ Ventricular Systole
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blood flows passively into ventricles
remaining 30% of blood pushed into ventricles a-v valves open/ semi lunar close |
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Ventricular systole/ Atrial diastole
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a-v valves close
atria relaxed blood flows into atria ventricular pressure increases and opens semilunar valves blood flows into pulmonary trunk and aorta |
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Lubb
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first heart sound occurs during ventricular contraction
sound of a-v valves closing |
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Dupp
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2nd heart sound
occurs during ventricular relaxation semilunar valves closing |
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murmur
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abnormal heart sound caused by blood leaking some place
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Sinoatrial Node (SA)
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'pacemaker'
in right atrium doen't require input from nerves rhythmic impulse passes through atria to cause simultaneous contraction |
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atrioventricular (AV) node
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located in inferior portion of atrial spetuim
continues conduction pathway rom atria to ventricles |
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A-V bundle
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extends from distal end of AV node
divides r and l bundle branches that pass down interventricular septum |
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Purkinje Fibers
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enlarges ends of AV bundle branches
continue down IV septum, into rest of ventricle and muscles associated with valves |
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Elecardiogram
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recording of electrical changes that occur in the myocardium
used to asses hearts ability to conduct impulses |
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P wave
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when SA node triggers cardiac impulse
leads to atrial contraction "atrial Depolarization" |
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QRS wave
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whem inpulse reaches ventricular fibers
larger b/c ventricular walls are thicker 'ventricular depolarization' |
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T wave
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ventricular repolarization
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Arties
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carry blood away from ventricles of heart
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arterioles
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recieve blood from arteries
carry blood to capillaries |
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capillaries
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sites of exchange of substances between blood and body cells
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venules
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receieves blood from capillaries
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veins
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carry blood toward ventricle of heart
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Tunica Interna
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endothelium
rest of ct membrane rich in elastic and collagenous fibers smooth surface |
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TUnica Media
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smooth muscle
elastic fibers |
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Tunica Externa
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thin
Ct attaches vessel to surrounding |
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artery
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thck strong wall
enothelial lining middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic tissu outer layer of connective tissue elastic helps carry blood under high pressure |
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Arterioles
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thinner wall than artery
endothelial lining some smooth muscle tissue helps control blood flow into capillary smallest arterioles only have a few smooth muscle fibers |
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Metarterole
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Arteriole that supplies a network of 10-100 capillary
connects arteriole directly with venule |
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Capillaries
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smallest diameter blood vessels
semipermeable connect smallest aterioles w/ smallest venules |
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Precapillary sphincters
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smooth muscle may close a capillary
resond to need of the cells low oxygen and nutrients cause sphincter to relax |
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venule
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thinner wall than arteriole
less smooth muscel and elastic tissue than arteriole |
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vein
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thinner wall than artery
three layers to wall but middle layer is poorly developed s |
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venous valves
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mostly in upper and lower limbs
prevent backflow of blood |
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venous blood flow
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not a direct result of heart action
depends on skeletal muscle contraction depends on breathing and venoconstriction |
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blood pressure
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force the blood exerts against the inner walls of the blood vessels
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Arterial Blood Pressure
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rises when ventricles contract
systolic pressure- maximum pressure when ventricles are in systole diastolic pressure minimum pressure when ventricles are in diastole |
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pulse
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max pressure distend elastic arterial walls
they recoil after ventricular contraction occurs alternate expanding and recoiling of the arterial wall that can be felt |
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aorta
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largest diameter
extends from left ventricle arches over heart to elft descends left and anterior to vertebral column |
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arches of aorta branch
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supplies all blood to head and upper limbs
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