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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Allyl group
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the common name for the 2-propenyl group.
-CH2-CH=CH2 |
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Allylic position
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the carbon atom next to a carbon-carbon double bond.
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allylic shift
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the isomerization of a double bond that occurs through the delocalization of an allylic intermediate.
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Conjugated double bonds
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double bonds separated by single bonds, with interaction by overlap of the p orbitals in the pi bonds.
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isolated double bonds
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double bonds separated by 2 or more single bonds.
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cumulated double bonds
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successive double bonds with no intervenenign single bonds.
allene |
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constructive overlap
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an overlap of orbitlas that contributes to bonding. (+ phase with + phase or - phase with - phase).
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cycloaddition
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a reaction of 2 alkenes or polyenes to form a cyclic product.
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delocalized orbital
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a molecular orbital that results from the combination of 3 or more atomic orbitals. When filled, these orbitals spread electron density over all the atoms involved.
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dienophile (diene lover)
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the component with 2 pi electrons that reacts with a diene in the diels alder reaction.
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endo rule
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the stereochemcial preference for electron-poor substituents onteh dienophile to assume endo positions int a bicyclic diels-alder product.
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secondary overlap
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overlap of the p orbitals of the EWG of the dienophile with those of the central atoms (C2 and C3) of the diene. this overlap helps stabilize the transition state. with cyclic dienes, it favors endo products.
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Heat of Hydrogenation
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the enthalpy of reaction that accompanies the addition of hydrogen to a mole of an unsaturated compound.
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HOMO
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an acronym for highest occupied molecular orbital.
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LUMO
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an acronym for lowest unoccupied molecular orbital.
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molecular orbitals (MOs)
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orbitals that include more than one atom in a molecule.
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bonding MOs
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MOs that are lower in energy than the isolated atomic orbitals from which they are made. electrons in these orbitals serve to hold the atoms together.
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antibonding MOs
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MOs that are higher in energy than the isolated atomic orbitals from which they are made. electorns in these orbitals tend to push the atoms apart.
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nonbonding MOs
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MOs that are similar in energy to the isolated atomic orbitals form which they are made. electrons in these orbitals have no effect on the bonding of the atoms.
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node
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a region of a MO with zero electron density.
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percyclic reaction
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a reaction involving concerted reorganization of electrons within a closed loop of interacting orbitals
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Woodward-Hoffman rules
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a set of symmetry rules that predict whether a particular pericylic reaction is symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden.
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