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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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albumino
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protein
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bacterio
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bacteria
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cysto
vesico |
bladder or sac
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dipso
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thirst
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glomerulo
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glomerulus (little ball)
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gluco
glucoso glyco |
sugar
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keto
ketono |
ketone bodies
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litho
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stone
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meato
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meatus (opening)
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nephro
reno |
kidney
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pubo
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pubic bone
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pyelo
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renal pelvis
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pyo
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pus
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uretero
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ureter
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urethro
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urethra
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uro
urino |
urine
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kidneys
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two structures located on each side of the lumbar region that filter blood and secrete impurities, forming urine
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cortex
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outer part of the kidney
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hilum
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indented opening in the kidney where vessels enter and leave
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medulla
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inner part of the kidney
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calyces
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system of ducts carrying urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis
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nephron
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micropscopic functional units of the kidney, comprised of kidney cells and capillaries, each capable of forming urine
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glomerulus
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little ball shaped cluster of capillaries located at the top of each nephron
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Bowman's capsule
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top part of the nephron that encloses the glomerulus
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renal tubule
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stem portion of the nephron
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ureter
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tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder
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renal pelvis
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basin-like portion of the ureter within the kidney
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ureteropelvic junction
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point of connection between the renal pelvis and upper
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urinary bladder
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sac that holds the urine
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urethra
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single canal that carries urine to the outside of the body
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urethral meatus
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opening in the urethra to the outside of the body
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urine
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fluid produced by the kidneys containing water and waste products
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urea
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waste product formed in the liver, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in the urine
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creatinine
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waste product of muscle metabolism filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in urine
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albuminuria
proteinuria |
presence of albumin in the urine; occurs in renal disease of in normal urine after heavy exercise
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anuria
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absence of urine formation
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bacteriuria
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presence of bacteria in the urine
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dysuria
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painful urination
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enuresis
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to void urine; involuntary discharge of urine, most often referes to a lack of bladder control
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nocturnal enuresis
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bed wetting during sleep
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hematuria
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presence of blood in the urine
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glucosuria
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glucose in the urine
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incontinence
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involuntary discharge of urine or feces
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stress urinary incontinence
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involuntary discharge of urine at the time of cough, sneeze, and or strained exercise
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nocturia
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urination at night
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oliguria
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scanty production of urine
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polyuria
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condition of excessive urination
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pyuria
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presence of white cells in the urine, usually indicating infection
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urinary retention
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retention of urine owing to the inability to void naturally because of spasm, obstruction etc.
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adult polycystic kidney disease
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inherited condition of multiple cysts that gradually form in the kidney, causing destruction of normal tissue that leads to renal failure -
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glomerulonephritis
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form of nephritis involving the glomerulus
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hydronephrosis
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dilation and pooling of urine in the renal pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys caused by an obstruction in the outflow of urine
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nephritis
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inflammation of the kidney
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pyelonephritis
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inflammation of the renal pelvis
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nephrosis
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degenerative disease of the renal tubules
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nephrolithiasis
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presence of renal stone caused by mineral buildup in the kidneys- most commonly as a result of hyperuricuria or hypercalciuria
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cystitis
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inflammation of the bladder
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urethritis
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inflammation of the urethra
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urethrocystitis
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inflammation of the urethra and bladder
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urethral stenosis
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narrowed condition of the urethra
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urinary tract infection
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invasion of pathogenic organisms in the structures of the urinary tract, especially the urethra and bladder; symptoms include dysuria, urinary frequency, and malaise
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uremia
azotemia |
excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood as a result of kidney failure
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cystometrogram
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record that measures urinary volume, bladder pressure, and capacity to evaluate urinary dysfunction such as incontinence
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cystoscopy
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examination of the bladder using a rigid or flexible cystoscope
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kidney biopsy
renal biopsy |
removal of kidney tissue for pathological examination
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radiography
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x-ray studies commonly used in urology
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intravenous pyelogram
intravenous urogram |
x-rays of the urinary tract taken after iodine is injected into the bloodstream and as the contrast passes through the kidney revealing obstruction, evidence of trauma
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kidney, ureter, bladder
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abdominal x-ray of kidney, ureter, and bladder typically used as a scout film before doing an IVP
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scout film
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plain x-ray taken to detect any obvious pathology before further imaging
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renal angiogram
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x-ray of the renal artery made after injecting contrast material into a catheter in the artery
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retrograde pyelogram
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x-ray of the upper urinary tract taken after contrast medium is injected up to the kidney by way of a small catheter passed through a cystoscope
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voiding cystourethrogram
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x ray of the bladder and urethra taken during urination
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abdominal sonogram
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ultrasound image of the urinary tract including the kidney, ureters, and bladder
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urinalysis
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physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine
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specific gravity
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measure of the kidneys ability to concentrate or dilute urine
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extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
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procedure using ultrasound to penetrate the body from outside and bombard and disintegrate a stone within - most commonly used to treat urinary stones above the bladder
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kidney dialysis
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methods of filtering impurities from the blood to replace the function of one or both kidneys due to renal failure
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hemodialysis
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method to remove impurities by pumping he patients blood through a dialyzer, the specialized filter of the artificial kidney machine
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peritoneal dialysis
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method of removing impurities using the peritoneum as the filter; catheter insertion in the peritoneal cavity is required to deliver cleansing fluid that is washed in and out in cycles
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Kegal exercises
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specific exercises that strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor to maintain proper organ replacement and retain urine
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urinary catheterization
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methods of placing a tube into the bladder to drain or collect urine
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straight catheter
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inserted through the urethra into the bladder to relieve urinary retention or collet a sterile specimen of urine for testing - removed immediately after procedure
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Foley catheter
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indwelling catheter inserted through the urethra into the bladder; includes a colletion system that allows urine to be drained into a bag can remain in place for an extended time
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suprapubic catheter
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indwelling catherter inserted directly int the bladder through an abdominal incision above the pubic obne; includes a collectin system that allows urine to be drained into a bag- used in patients requiring long-term catheterization
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