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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Small infectious agents that contain genetic material and a protein coat
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Virus
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What genetic material do viruses contain
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DNA/RNA
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Protein coat
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Capsid
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some viruses also contain a ______envelope
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lipid (glycoprotein)
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Viruses require
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A host
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Viruses enter cells that have
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a specific target attachment molecule or receptor on their surface. HIV is an example
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Viruses can replicate within a host species without causing symptoms. The carriers are called ________ which allow the virus to spread without experiencing any symptoms
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Reservoirs
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Viruses are not living because they
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can not metabolize, do not contain cells, and they are unable to reproduce without a host organism
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Viruses produce more viruses through viral replication. Name the steps
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Attachment, Penetration(virus injects genetic material), synthesis(host cell manufactures viral nucleic acids and proteins), assembly ( new viruses assemble from newly synthesized proteins enzymes and nuc acids) release.
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Lytic infection vs lysogenic infection
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Lytic- immediate cell death
Lysogenic infection- Dormant viral DNA for sometimes years. MONO and SHINGLES |
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symptoms of cell death
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flu- dead/damaged cells in airway cause resp symptoms, including cough and sore throat. Fever and body aches cause by cytokines released by the immune system
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Latent infection
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viral genetic info inside cell for years. does not produce disease symptoms. Herpes. (cold sores, stressed cells release viruses that infect other cells, cold sores localized death of these cells)
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Retrovirus
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Uses reverse transcriptase. Infects helper t cells.
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antibiotic use against viruses is
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not effective.
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Antiviral drugs that work on viruses do so by
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interfering with enzymes or other proteins that are unique to viruses. But they are complicated by mutations and genetic variability.
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Vaccines
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Most effective against viral diseases
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First virus discovered was a plant virus called
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Mosaic virus on the tobacco plant
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In plants, viruses have to first
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penetrate the waxy coats and thick cells walls before entering the cell membrane
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Plant viruses are spread
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through plant eating insects, plasmodesmata, but can use posttranscriptional gene silencing to fight off infections
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Viroids are
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Infectious RNA molecule. tightly wound circle of RNA LACKING protein coat. Infects plants through seeds or pollen.
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PRIONS are
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proteinaceous infectious particles. PrP. Normal cellular protein that goes awry by being mis formed. Prion diseases are causeed from a chain reaction in which an abnormal form of PrP tiggers normal PrP molecules to change. domino effect. TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY.
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prions infect
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animals. resistant to head radiation and chemical treatments that would normally kill bacteria and viruses.
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