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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cloning
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The generation of a large number of genetically identical DNA molecules.
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Cloning Vector
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A DNA molecule that can replicate independently of the host chromosome and transport a piece o inserted foreign DNA, such as a gene, into a recipient cell. It may be a plasmid, phage, cosmid, or artificial chromosome.
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Complementary DNA
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A DNA copy of an RNA molecule (e.g., a DNA copy of an mRNA)
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Cosmid
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A plasmid vector with lambda phage cos sites that can be packaged in a phage capsid; it is useful for cloning large DNA fragments.
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Expression Vector
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A special cloning vector used to express a recombinant gene in host cells; the gene is transcribed and its protein synthesized.
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Gel Electrophoresis
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A technique that separates molecules according to charge and size.
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Genetic Engineering
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The deliberate modification of an organism's genetic content by changing its genome.
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Genomic Library
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A collection of clones that contains fragments that together represent the complete genome of an organism.
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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
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An in vitro technique used to synthesize large quantities of specific nucleotide sequences from small amounts of genetic material. It employs oligonucleotide primers complementary to specific sequences in the target gene and special heat-stable DNA polymerases.
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Primer
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A short piece of DNA or RNA that, when bound to complementary DNA, can start or prime DNA synthesis.
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Probe
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A short, labeled segment of RNA or DNA complementary in base sequence to part of another nucleic acid; used to identify or isolate a particular "target" nucleic acid from a mixture through its ability to bind specifically with the target.
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Recombinant DNA Technology
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The techniques used in carrying out genetic engineering; they involve the identification and isolation of a specific gene, the insertion of the gene into a vector such as a plasmid to form a recombinant molecule, and the production of large quantities of the gene and its product.
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Restriction Enzymes
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Enzymes that cleave DNA at specific points called recognition sites. They evolved to protect cells from virus infection; they are used in vitro to carry out genetic engineering. Also called restriction endonucleases.
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