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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
change
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evolution
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earth began
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4.6 billion years ago
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4 billion years ago
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seas/atmosphere forms
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oldest rocks
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3.9 billion yrs ago
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single-celled organism
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3.5 billion yrs ago
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evidence of an organism that lived long ago
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fossil
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animal footprint
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trace
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replica of the organism
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cast
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minerals make copies
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petrified
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imprint of something that fell in a sediment
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imprints
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organism that was trapped in ice or hardened in sap
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amber-preserved/frozen
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organism buried in sediment then decays leaving an empty space
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mold
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study fossils/ancient life
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palentologists
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1. looking at fossil
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determine organism
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2. look at the leg bone
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how it gets around
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3. climate
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palentologist
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4. geography/topography
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is it mountainous or not
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sedimentary/metamorphic/igneous
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3 types of rocks
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hot molten/no fossils
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igneous
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change shape/heat and pressure/no fossils
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metamorphic
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layers of sediments
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sedimentary
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chronological order
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relative dating
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literal date of the rock
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radiometric dating
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half of the life it takes to make a new substance
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half-life
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potassium 40 dates back
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1.3 billion years
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carbon 14 dates back
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5730 years
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precambrian/paleozoic/cenozoic
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4 eras
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life explodes in fossil records
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cambrian/paleozoic
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dinosaurs appear
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triasic/mesozoic
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ancient arthropods
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trilobite
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ancestor of today's bird
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archaepterayx
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continents were once together
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theory of pangaea
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geological explanation for how the continents move
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plate tectonics
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dinosaurs dissapear/humans evolve/placental mammals/mammals and birds survive
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mesozoic/cenozoic
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ideas supported by fossil evidence
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charles darwin
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job was a naturalist on the
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HMS beagle
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species compete for everything and the strongest survive
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thomas malthus and darwin
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breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits/selective breeding
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artificial selection
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mechanism for change in populations/organisms with certain variations survive, reproduce and pass their variations to the next generation
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natural selection
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had similar ideas to Darwin
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alfred russell wallace
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darwins book
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origin of the species
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any trait that allows a species to survive better
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adaption
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structural adaption that allowsone species to resemble another
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mimicry
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helps them blend in with their surroundings
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camoflauge
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the study of fossils shows that
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there was progression and supports the idea that species change
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homologous structure/analogous structure
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anatomical structure
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vestigal structure
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functional structure
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gill slits/tail/ embryo
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embryological development
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biochemistry and evolutionary tree
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genetic relationships
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individuals dont evolve
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populations do
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gene behavior in a population
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population genetics
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all alleles of the populations gene
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gene pool
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% of any specific allele in the gene pool
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allelic frequency
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frequency of alleles remain the same over generations
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genetic equilibrium
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mutation/genetic drift/individuals moving into or out of a population/natural selection
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disruption of genetic equilibrium
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stabilizing/directional/disruptive
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3 types of selection
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favors average in individuals
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stabilizing
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favors one of the extreme variations of a trait
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directional
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individuals have both extremes
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distruptive
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when members of similar populations cant interbreed to produce
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speciation
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occurs when a physical barrier divides a population
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geographic isolation
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when formly interbreeding organisms can no longer mate/produce fertile offspring
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reproductive isolation
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species with multiples of the normal set of chromosomes
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polyploid
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gradual build-up of adaptions
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gradualism
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rapid bursts with long periods of stability in between
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punctuated equilibrium
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adaptive radiation
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patterns of evolutions/darwins finches/ancestral species evolve into an array of species to git a # of diverse habitats
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divergent evolution
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rhea/emu/ patterns of evolution/pattern of evolution in which species that once were similar to an ancestral species diverge and become increasingly distinct
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convergent evolution
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whales/ dolphins/pattern of evolution/pattern of evolution in which distantly related organisms evolve similar traits
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frequency of alleles remain the same over generations
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genetic equilibrium
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mutation/genetic drift/individuals moving into or out of a population/natural selection
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disruption of genetic equilibrium
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stabilizing/directional/disruptive
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3 types of selection
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favors average in individuals
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stabilizing
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favors one of the extreme variations of a trait
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directional
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individuals have both extremes
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distruptive
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when members of similar populations cant interbreed to produce
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speciation
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occurs when a physical barrier divides a population
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geographic isolation
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when formly interbreeding organisms can no longer mate/produce fertile offspring
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reproductive isolation
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species with multiples of the normal set of chromosomes
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polyploid
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gradual build-up of adaptions
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gradualism
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rapid bursts with long periods of stability in between
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punctuated equilibrium
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adaptive radiation
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patterns of evolutions/darwins finches/ancestral species evolve into an array of species to git a # of diverse habitats
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divergent evolution
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rhea/emu/ patterns of evolution/pattern of evolution in which species that once were similar to an ancestral species diverge and become increasingly distinct
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convergent evolution
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whales/ dolphins/pattern of evolution/pattern of evolution in which distantly related organisms evolve similar traits
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