Chapter 14 Vocab.

Front 1

acquired immunity

Back 1

formation of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen.

Front 2

adenoids

Back 2

Masses of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx.

Front 3

antibody

Back 3

Protein produced by B cell lymphocytes to destroy antigens.

Front 4

antigen

Back 4

Substance that the body recognizes as foreign; evokes an immune response.

Front 5

axillary node

Back 5

Any of the 20 to 30 lymph nodes in the armpit (underarm).

Front 6

B cell (lymphocytes)

Back 6

Lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow and transforms into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies. The B refers to the bursa of Fabricus, an organ in birds in which
B cell differentiation and growth were first noted to occur.

Front 7

cell-mediated immunity

Back 7

An immune response involving T lymphocytes; antigens are destroyed by direct action of cells, as opposed to by antibodies.

Front 8

cervical node

Back 8

One of many lymph nodes in the neck region.

Front 9

cytokine

Back 9

Protein (made by T lymphocytes) that aids antigen destruction. Examples are interferons, interleukins, and colony-stimulating factors such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF).

Front 10

cytotoxic T cell

Back 10

T cell lymphocyte that directly kills foreign cells; T8 cell.

Front 11

dendritic cell

Back 11

Cell (specialized macrophage) that ingests antigens and presents them to T cells for destruction.

Front 12

helper T cell

Back 12

Lymphocyte that aids B cells in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production; also called T4 cell or CD4+ cell.

Front 13

humoral immunity

Back 13

Immune response in which B cells transform into plasma cells and secrete antibodies.

Front 14

immune response

Back 14

Body's capacity to resist foreign organisms and toxins that can damage tissue and organs; humoral and cell-mediated immunity.

Front 15

immunoglobulins

Back 15

Antibodies (gamma globulins) such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD that are secreted by plasma cells in humoral immunity.

Front 16

immunotherapy

Back 16

Use of immunologic knowledge and techniques to treat or prevent disease. Examples are inoculation with vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapy.

Front 17

inguinal node

Back 17

One of several lymph nodes in the groin region (where the legs join the trunk of the body).

Front 18

interfrons

Back 18

Antiviral proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells; they also stimulated macrophages to ingest bacteria.

Front 19

interleukins

Back 19

Proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B or T lymphocytes and activate specific components of the immune response.

Front 20

interstital fluid

Back 20

Fluid in the spaces between cells. This fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries.

Front 21

killer T cell

Back 21

Cytotoxic T cell lymphocyte that recognizes and destroys foreign cells (viruses and tumor cells).

Front 22

lymph

Back 22

Thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body. Latin lympha means water.

Front 23

Lymph capillaries

Back 23

Tiny lymph vessels that carry lymph through the body.

Front 24

Lymphoid organs

Back 24

Organs containing and derived from lymphatic tissue; spleen, thymus gland and lymph nodes.

Front 25

Lymph node

Back 25

Mass of stationary lymphatic tissue along the path of lymph vessels.

Front 26

Lymph vessel

Back 26

Carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest.

Front 27

Macrophage

Back 27

Large phagocyte found in lymphatic tissues and connective tissues; derived from a monocyte.

Front 28

Mediastinal node

Back 28

Lymph node in the mediastinum (central area between the lungs in the chest).

Front 29

Monoclonal antibody

Back 29

Antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens. It is useful in immunotherapy and cancer treatment.

Front 30

natural immunity

Back 30

Person’s own genetic ability to fight off disease. It includes phagocytes and lymphocytes such as natural killer cells.

Front 31

plasma cell

Back 31

Lymphoid cell that secretes an antibody and originates from B lymphocytes.

Front 32

right lymphatic duct

Back 32

Receives lymph from the right side of the body and empties lymph into a vein in the neck.

Front 33

spleen

Back 33

Organ adjacent to the stomach (in the LUQ) that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells.

Front 34

suppressor T cell

Back 34

Lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T lymphocytes.

Front 35

T cell

Back 35

Lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow but matures in the thymus gland; it acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemical (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens.

Front 36

tolerance

Back 36

In the thymus, T lymphocytes learn to recognize and accept the body's own antigens as "self" or friendly.

Front 37

thoracic duct

Back 37

Large lymphatic vessel in the chest that receives lymph from below the diaphragm and from the left side of the body above the diaphragm; it empties the lymph into veins in the upper chest.

Front 38

thymus gland

Back 38

Organ in the mediastinum that produces T lymphocytes and aids in the immune response.

Front 39

tonsils

Back 39

Masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx.

Front 40

toxin

Back 40

Poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants.

Front 41

vaccination

Back 41

Introduction of altered antigen (viruses or bacteria) to produce an immune response and protection against disease. The term comes from the Latin vacca, cow, and was used when the first inoculations were given with organisms that caused the disease cowpox to produce immunity to smallpox.

Front 42

vaccine

Back 42

Weakened or killed micoorganisms or toxins administered to induced immunity to infection or disease.