Chapter 14 - Urinary System - Part 1

Front 1

____ _____ is darker than the inner _____ because of increased blood perfusion

Back 1

outer cortex

medulla

Front 2

inner surface of the medulla is folded into projections called ________

______ empty into the _____ _______

Back 2

pyramids

Pyramids, renal pelvis

Front 3

________ ________ are located at the base of the pyramids

Back 3

arcuate arteries

Front 4

numerous ______ _____ bring the urine from its sites of format in the cortex to the pyramids

Back 4

collecting tubules

Front 5

_____ _____ or ______ are the functional units of the kidney

Back 5

renal tubules or nephrons

Front 6

-vertical indentation on the medial surface of each kidney

-where the renal vessels and ureter enter and exit

-other vascular structures, a ureter, and the lymphatics also within the hilum

Back 6

Renal hilum

Front 7

-most posterior and superior structure

- two branches of the ___ ____ are anterior to the renal artery

Back 7

Renal artery

-renal vein

Front 8

the ____ _____, also known as _____ _____, is a layer of connective tissue encapsulating the kidneys

Back 8

renal fascia, gerota fascia

Front 9

layer of ________ _____, which covers the renal capsule, is below the renal fascia

Back 9

perinephric fat

Front 10

anterior to the right kidney- _______ _____

Back 10

Morison's pouch

Front 11

Kidneys- _____ _____ of the ureter

Divides into two or three _____ _____

Each ____ _____ divides further into two or three ____ ____

Back 11

renal pelvis

major calyces

major calyx, minor calyces

Front 12

Apex of a medullary pyramid - _____ _____

indents each minor ______

Back 12

renal papilla

calyx

Front 13

apices converge toward the ______ ______

Back 13

renal sinus

Front 14

NEPHRON

consist of two main structures: _____ ____ and ____ ______

Function:

blood filtered in the _____ ____

filtered fluid passes through the ____ _____

then filtered

Back 14

Renal corpuscle, renal tubule

filter the blood and to produce urine

renal corpuscle

renal tubule

Front 15

NEPHRON

_________ _____: Network of capillaries? (________)

Surrounded by a cup like structure (_____ _____)

Back 15

Renal corpuscle, (glomerlus)

bowman capsule

Front 16

blood flow into the glomerulus

Back 16

afferent arteriole

Front 17

blood flow from the glomerlus

Back 17

efferent arteriole

Front 18

second set of capillaries that surround the renal tubule

Back 18

peribular capillaries

Front 19

NEPHRON

filtrate passes into the renal tubule through an opening in the bottom of _____ ____

Back 19

Bowman capsule

Front 20

first part of the renal tubule is the coiled ____ ____ ____

Back 20

proximal convoluted tubule

Front 21

after passing through the proximal convoluted tubule, filtrate flows into the ____ __ ____ and then into the ____ _____ _____

Back 21

loop of Henle

Distal convoluted tubule

Front 22

structure that helps regulate blood pressure in the kidney

Back 22

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Front 23

Ureter

Back 23

25 cm tubular structure

Front 24

URETER

enters the ______, courses along the _____ ____ of the ______. turns forward to enter the _____ angle of the _______. Enter ______ bladder

Back 24

pelvis

lateral wall

pelvis

lateral

bladder

infant

Front 25

Urinary bladder has an ______ opening for the ______

Back 25

anterior, urethra

Front 26

vascular supply to the kidney is through the _____ _____ ______

Back 26

main renal artery

Front 27

the _____ _____ follow the renal artery to the lateral aortic lymph nodes near the origin of the renal artery

Back 27

lymphatic vessels

Front 28

_______ originate in the renal plexus and are distributed along the branches of the renal vessels

Back 28

nerves

Front 29

URINARY SYSTEM

located in the __________

Two ________: remove wastes from the blood and produce urine

Two _______: act as tubal ducts leading from the hills of the kidneys and drain into the urinary bladder

________: collects and stores urine, which is eventually discharged through the _______

Back 29

retroperitoneum

kidneys

ureters

bladder, urethra

Front 30

Formation of urine involves three processes

- _____ _____: 1st spot of urine formation. Filters the blood from wastes. Blood plasma fills into the glomerular capsule

- ______ ____: filtered blood from renal tubules back into blood

- _____ ____: what is secreted from urine. Makes up the urine

Back 30

Glomerluar filtration

Tubular reabsorption

Tubular secretion

Front 31

cellular metabolic activities produce waste products that may reach toxic levels if not excreted from the body.

Back 31

excretion

Front 32

amino group is converted to ______ which is chemically converted to _______

____ _____ is formed from the breakdown of nucleic acids

_______ is a nitrogenous waste produced from phosphocreatine in the muscles

Back 32

ammonia, urea,

uric acid

creatinine

Front 33

the renal parenchyma surrounds the ____ ______ ____ ____ which contains the calyces, infundibula, pelvic, vessels, and lymphatics

Back 33

fatty central renal sinus

Front 34

bands of cortical tissue extend inward to the renal sinus and separate the renal parenchyma. (between pyramids)

Back 34

Columns of Bertin

Front 35

_____ _______ lie alongside the pyramids

_____ _____lie at the base of the pyramids

Back 35

interlobar arteries

arcuate vessels

Front 36

prominent invaginations of the cortex at varying depths within the medullary substance of the kidneys

Back 36

Columns of Bertin

Front 37

- Shape of left kidney is affected by the spleen

- a bulge of cortical tissue can occur on the lateral border of the kidney; may resemble a renal neoplasm

Back 37

Dromedary hump

Front 38

Triangular, echogenic area typically located anterior aspect of the upper pole of ____ ____

result of partial fusion of the _______ (embryonic kidney) during the normal development

Back 38

JUNCTIONAL PARENCHYMAL DEFECT

right kidney

renunculi

Front 39

usually present in children up to 5 years of age

may persist in up to 51% of adults

surfaces of the kidneys are generally indented in between the calyces, giving the kidneys a slightly lobulated appearance

Back 39

fetal lobulation

Front 40

characterized by the deposit of a moderate amount of fat in the renal sinus, with parenchymal atrophy

Back 40

sinus lipomatosis

Front 41

normal renal pelvis is triangular structure located w/in renal sinus. Extrarenal lies outside the renal sinus

appears as cystic collection medial to the renal hilum

Back 41

EXTRARENAL PELVIS

Front 42

-smooth, thin, well-defined border

-round or oval shape

-sharp interface between the cyst and renal parenchyma

-no internal echoes (anechoic)

increased posterior acoustic enhancement

Back 42

cystic mass

Front 43

-irregular borders

-poorly defined interface between the mass and kidney

-low-level internal echoes

-weak posterior border (because of the increased attenuation of the mass

-poor through-transmission

Back 43

solid mass

Front 44

_______ mass shows characteristics associated with both cystic and solid lesions

--areas of necrosis, hemorrhage, abscess, or calcification within the mass

Back 44

complex

Front 45

______ _____ of cysts is used to determine the appropriate work-up for a cystic mass

Back 45

Bosniak classification

Front 46

________: ureteral narrowing as a result of fibrosis is a common form of ureteral stricture

may also result inflammatory disease, tuberculosis, localized periuteral fibrosis, impacted ureteral stones, schistostomiasis, iastrogenic ureteral injury, or radiation therapy.

Back 46

stricture

Front 47

cystlike enlargement of the lower end of the ureter. projects into the bladder lumen at the ureterovesical junction

caused by congenital or acquired stenosis of the distal end of the ureter

Back 47

ureterocele

Front 48

_____ _______ are rare; are usually associated with complete ureteral duplication

Back 48

ectopic ureteroceles