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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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opposition and distrust of the clergy |
anticlericalism |
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problems with the clergy |
immorality, ignorance, pluralism |
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practice of holding more than one church position |
pluralism |
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the remission of all or part of the temporal punishment due to sin with relics and pilgrimages |
indulgences |
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very devote christian; father wanted him to be a lawyer; on way home got caught in thunder storm, he tells god if he survives the thunder storm he will serve god and he did |
Martin Luther |
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The imitation of Christ |
Thomas a Kempis |
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popular devotional filled with meditations on the life and teachings of Jesus |
The imitation of Christ |
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used as a way to get close to god |
devotional |
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Luther's question |
"What must I do to be saved?" |
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Martin Luther's life |
goes to monastery, learns about theology, becomes a chancellor at a university where he teaches theology |
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Martin Luther's passion |
burning desired to get to heaven |
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Martin Luther's answer |
faith alone justifies salvation (from the bible itself) |
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Two principles came to identify the protestant reformation: |
justification by faith, the bible as the sole authority |
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Martin Luther's response to the Church |
breaks away, needed purification, issued his 95 thesis |
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indictment of the abuses in the sale of indulgences |
95 thesis |
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What Pope Leo X called Martin Luther |
"a drunken german who will amend his ways when he sobers up" |
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called luther before a council of leaders in Worms and asked him to renounce his views; he refused |
Charles V ( holy roman emperor of germany) |
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Lutheranism appealed to the people of germany because? |
it was able to gain the support of secular leaders - such as the elector of saxony |
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Lutheranism new religious practices |
worship services consisted of bible readings, preaching the word of god, and song |
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acknowledged the division in christianity, same legal rights for lutherans and catholics, each german ruler could determine the religion of his subjects |
Peace of Augsburg (1555) |
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cathedral priest from Zurich, Switzerland |
Ulrich Zwingli |
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Religion that came out of the zwinglian reformation by Ulrich Zwingli because he and Martin Luther could not agree on an interpretation of the Last Supper |
Zwinglism |
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a variety of groups broke from the church; they were more radical and more persecuted |
Anabaptists (amish, mormons) |
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He wanted to divorce his wife because he wanted male heir |
Henry VIII; wanted to divorce Catherine |
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formal break with the catholic church and the papacy |
Act of Supremacy passed by Henry VIII |
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Bloody Mary |
Queen Mary
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fiercely catholic, burned more than 300 protestant heretics, not married, only rules for 5 years |
Queen Mary (Bloody Mary) |
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Ideas of religion were similar to Martin Luther's but believed in "predestination" |
Calvinism (John Calvin) |
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some people were the "elect" and others were the "reprobate"; god already knows who is going to hell |
predestination |
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go to heaven |
elect |
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go to hell |
reprobate |
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by the end of the 16th c. there are ______ |
catholics, lutherans, zwinglians, anglicans, calvinists, eastern orthodox, and anabaptists |
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3 themes of the catholic reformation |
the jesuits, reformed papacy, council of trent |
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physically unable to be a soldier so he becomes a soldier for god, founder of the society of jesus, wrote the spiritual exercises |
ignatius of loyola |
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a training manual for spiritual development to teach men to follow the will of god |
the spiritual exercises |
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Goals for Jesuits |
absolute obedience to the papacy, strict hierarchical order, education, engage in "conflict for god" |
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Pope Paul III was responsible for the start of the |
reformation of the papacy |
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stops sale of indulgences gets rid of leaders who disobey their vows |
Pope Paul III |
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issued the index of forbidden books |
pope paul VI |
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books that are against the catholic way of thinking |
Index of Forbidden Books |
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cardinals, archbishops, bishops, abbots, and theologians met to debate church doctrine; reaffirmed all doctrines and practices of the church |
council of trent |
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religious wars of france were among the worse in europe; catholics vs. huguenots |
french wars of religion |
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motives for the french wars of religion |
about religion, but also about political power |
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How did the French Wars of Religion begin? |
when the duke of guise massacred a peaceful congregation of Huguenots at vassy |
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Wedding day of henry of navarre and king's sister to help reconcile religion in france; wedding guests were slaughtered and violence broke out all over - thousands killed |
st. bartholomew's day massacre |
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succeeded to the throne of france |
henry of navarre |
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acknowledged catholicism as the official religion, but allowed huguenots freedom of religion and political priviledges |
edict of nantes in 1598 |
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"the most catholic king" |
king phillip II; son of charles V |
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motives for the religious wars of spain and the netherlands |
king phillip tried to impose taxes and force subjects back to catholicism, but the people rebelled starting a war that lasted 43 years |
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tried to bring england back to catholicism |
Queen Mary I of England; "bloody mary" |
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sister of queen mary, calvinist, religious policies were based on moderation and compromise; foreign policy based on caution |
Queen Elizabeth |
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raided spanish ships as a privateer (gentleman pirate) |
Sir Francis Drake |
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130 ships, english have better cannons, defeated by the english |
spanish armada |
