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18 Cards in this Set
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accretionary wedge, p 424
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a large wedge-shaped mass of sediment accumulating above subduction zones. Here sediment is scraped from the descending oceanic plate and accreted to the overriding crustal block
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Andean-type plate margins, p 422
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a plate boundary the generates continental volcanic arcs because of subduction. see figure 14.7 on p.423
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backarc basin, p 420
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The region between an island arc and the continental mainland, commonly with at least some oceanic crust on its floor.
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compressional mountians, p 425
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the major type of mountain belts seen on earth. Generated by horizontal forces shortening and thickening crustal material by means of folding and thrust faulting.
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The Himalayas are a good example of compressional mountains
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continental volcanic arc, p 419
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A belt of volcanic mountains on the continental mainland that lie above a subduction zone. Compare with island arc .
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these mountains are formed by igneous activity related to subduction of the oceanic crust. The Andes and Cascades are good examples of continental volcanic arcs.
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fault-block mountains, p 435
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a mountain formed by the displacement of rock along a fault.
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fold-and-thrust belts, p. 426
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Mountains, characterized by extensive folding and thrust faulting, that form at convergent plate boundaries on continents.
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forearc basin, p. 425
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omit
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gravitational collapse, p 437
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omit
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island arcs, p 419
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A curved belt of volcanic islands lying above a subduction zone. Compare with continental arcs.
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isostacy, p 437
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The condition of equilibrium, comparable to floating, of units of the lithosphere above the asthenosphere.
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isostatic adjustment, p 437
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compensation of the lithosphere when weight is added or removed. When weight is added, the lithosphere subsides; when weight is removed the lithosphere uplifts.
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microcontinent, p 431
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A fragment of the lithosphere, smaller than a plate, that forms a portion of an accreted terrane margin.
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orogenesis, p 417
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The process of mountain building.
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passive margin, p 422
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this is NOT a plate margin, but rather the margin of a continent. Because these types of continental margins are not associated with PLATE margins, they're inactive volcanically and seismically.
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This is where the continental shelf, continental slope, and continental rise are best seen.
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suture, p 426
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The line of juncture where continental rocks on two converging plates meet. Example: The region in the Himalayas where the Eurasian and Indian-Australian plates meet.
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terrane, p 431
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A fragment of the lithosphere, smaller than a plate, that forms a portion of an accreted terrane margin.
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volcanic island arc, p 419
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a chain of volcanic islands generally located a few hundred kilometers from a trench were there is active subduction of the oceanic plate.
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