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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are Capillary beds?
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exchange of nutrients and respiratory gases occur between the blood and tissue fluid around the cells
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What are arteries?
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carry blood away from the heart, help maintain blood pressure
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What are veins?
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carry blood towards the heart, are very low pressure
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What are capillaries?
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carry blood from tiny arterioles to tiny venules, called "exchage vessels"
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The ___________ carries blood out of the left ventricle
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Aorta
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The __________ carries blood to the right atrium
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Venae Cava
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What are the three layers in blood vessels?
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Tunica Intima - Endothelium
Tunica Media - smooth muscle and elastic tissue Tunica Externa- Connective tissue, very strong to withstand pressure |
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How do veins prevent back flow?
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Valves
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What are cappilaries made of?
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Tunica Intima, only one layer, and precapillary sphincters guard the entrance to the capillaries
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Hardening of the arteries is called?
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Arteriosclerosis
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Decreased blood supply to tissue is called ___________, eventually leading to tissue death,__________, when this tissue decays its called_______
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ischemia
necrosis gangrene |
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Hardening or the arteries due to fatty deposits is called?
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Arterosclerosis, high in triglycerides and cholesterol
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What are aneurysms
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a section on an artery has become abnormally widened because of a weakening of the arterial wall, thrombi (abnormal clot), can cause embolus,
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A brain anuerysm may lead to....
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stoke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
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Varicose Veins are?
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veins in which blood tends to pool rather than continue on towards the heart
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Varicosities (varices) occur in?
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superficial veins near the surface of the body
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Veins dilate due to pooling of blood thus causing?
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space between valve flaps making them incompetent (leaky)
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Hemorrhoids (piles) are caused by?
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varicose veins in the rectum
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Phlebitis is?
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vein inflmmation, caused usually by irritation by an intravenous catheter
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Thrombophlebitis is?
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caused by a clot formation, acute phlebitis
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A pulmonary embolism is?
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an embolus lodged in the circulation of the lung
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Left Ventricle > Aorta > Arteries > Tissues and Organs > veins > Inferior + Superior vena cava > Right atrium is which type of circulation
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Systemic - to the body
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right atrium > right ventricle > pulmonary artery > lung arterioles + capillaries > exchange gases > four pulmonary veins > left atrium > left ventricle
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pulmonary circulation, to the lungs for Oxygen
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What is the hepatic protal circlation, what is its functions?
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veins from intestinal tract filter into liver, sent through a second capillary bed to absorb glucose for storage, and remove poisonous substances
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Blood vessels carry the fetal blood to the placenta it has 3 main vessels what are they?
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two small umbilical arteries - oxygen poor
1 small umbilical vein - oxygen rich |
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What is the ductus venosus
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serves as a shunt, allowing most of the blood returning from the placenta to bypass immature liver of the baby
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What is the foramen ovale
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Shunts blood from R atrium direclty into L atrium
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What is the ductus arteriosus
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connects aorta and pulmonary artery
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high blood pressure
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hypertension
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the direct cause of bloop pressure
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amount of blood in the vessels, strength and rate of heartbeat affects the cardiac output and BP
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An increase in heart rate usually results in less blood being pushed into what chamber of the heart?
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Left ventricle
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increased rbc's and increased blood viscosity is called
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polycythemia
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venous BP within the R atrium is called
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central venous pressure
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5 mechanisms to keep venous blood moving back through circulatory system
1)continued beating 2)adequate blood pressure |
3)semilunar valves in veins
4)contraction of skeletal muscles 5)changing pressures in the chest cavity during breathing |
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The pulse is caused by
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artery expanding and then recoiling alternatively can be felt over anartery that lies near the surface of the body
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circulatory shock is
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failure to deliver oxygen to tissues
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Cardiogenic shock is
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heart failure, heart infections
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Hypovolemic shock is
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loss of blood volume, for eg. due to hemmorhaging
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Neurogenic shock is
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widespread of dilation of blood vessles caused by an imbalance in autonomic effectors, such as smooth muscle in vessel walls
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Anaphylactic shock is
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acute type of allergic reaction
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Septic shock is
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complications from septicemia, infectious agents release toxins into the blood
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