Chapter 14 Checkpoint Questions

Front 1

The four principal parts of the brain are the:

Back 1

brainstrem, cerebellum, diencephalon, and cerebrum

Front 2

Cranial bones and cranial meniges do what?

Back 2

Protect the brain

Front 3

Blood flows to the brain mainly via the

Back 3

internal carotid and vertebral arteries

Front 4

The _______ drain into the internal jugular arteries to return blood from the head to the hart

Back 4

dural venous sinuses

Front 5

The BBB consists mainly of

Back 5

tight junctions that seal together the endothelial cells of brain blood capillaries and a thick basement membrane that surrounds the capillaries

Front 6

What passes easily, slowly, and not at all through the BBB?

Back 6

liquid-soluble substances; water-soluble substances; proteins and drugs

Front 7

CSF is formed by blood plasma by ______ that cover the choroid plexuses of the ventricles

Back 7

ependymal cells

Front 8

Located at the inferior border of the pons

Back 8

medulla

Front 9

Directly superior to the medulla and anterior the cerebellum

Back 9

pons

Front 10

Extends from the pons to the diencephalon

Back 10

midbrain

Front 11

What body functions are governed by nuclei in the medulla?

Back 11

Regulation of heartbeat, blood vessel diameter, reflexes for swallowing, sneezing, coughin, and hiccuping, Nerve functions of VIII-XII

Front 12

What body functions are governed by nuclei in the pons?

Back 12

Breathing, nerve functions V-VIII

Front 13

What body functions are governed by the midbrain nuclei?

Back 13

Dopamine release, visual reflexes

Front 14

What are the functions of the reticular formation?

Back 14

Consciousness

arousal

attention

Sensory overload

sleep, coma

muscle tone

Front 15

The cerebellum is posterior to the _______ and inferior to the ________.

Back 15

medulla and pons; posterior portion of the cerebrum

Front 16

The superficial layer of the cerebellum that consists of gray matter

Back 16

cerebellar cortex

Front 17

Regions of gray matter within the cerebellum that give rise to axons carrying impulses from the cerebellum to other brain centers

Back 17

cerebellar nuclei

Front 18

Bundles of white matter that consists of axons which conduct impulses between the cerebellum and other parts of the brain

Back 18

cerebellar peduncles

Front 19

Contain axons that extend from the cerebellum to the red nuclei of the midbrain and to several nuclei of the thalamus

Back 19

superior cerebellar peduncles

Front 20

Largest peduncles; their axons carry impulses for voluntary movements from the pontine nuclei into the cerebellum

Back 20

middle cerebellar peduncles

Front 21

Two small rounded projections that serve as relay stations for the sense of smell

Back 21

mammilary region

Front 22

Major relay station for most sensory impulses that reach the primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex from the spinal cord and the brainstem

Back 22

thalamus

Front 23

The thalamus contributes to motor functions by transmitting information from the cerebellum and basal nuclei to the

Back 23

primary motor area of the cerebral cortex

Front 24

Functions of the hypothalamus

Back 24

-Control of the ANS (heart rate movement of food through GI, contraction of bladder)
-production of hormones

-regulation of emotional and behavioral patterns

-regulation of eating and drinking

-control of body temp

-circadian rhythm

Front 25

Functions of the epithalamus

Back 25

-pineal gland secretes melatonin
-olfaction

Front 26

Parts of the diencephalon that can monitor chemical changes in the blood because the lack a blood-brain barrier

Back 26

circumventricular organs

Front 27

Thought to be the site of entry of HIV, coordinate homeostatic activities of the endocrine and nervous systems.

Back 27

circumventricular organs

Front 28

Provides of with the ability to read, write, and speak

Back 28

the cerebrum

Front 29

The cerebral white matter consists primarily of

Back 29

myelinated axons in three types of tracts

Front 30

Cerebral white matter tract that contains axons that conduct nerve impulses between gyri in the same hemisphere

Back 30

association tracts

Front 31

Cerebral white matter tract that contains axons that conduct nerve impulses from gyri in one cerebral hemisphere to corresponding gyri in the other cerebral hemisphere

Back 31

Commissural tracts

Front 32

Thin sheet of gray matter which may be involved in visual attention

Back 32

claustrum

Front 33

A major function of the basal nuclei is to help regulate

Back 33

initiation and termination of movements

Front 34

The global pallidus helps regulate the

Back 34

muscle tone required for specific body movements

Front 35

Disorders such as Parkinson's disease, OCD, schizophrenia are thought to involve dysfunction between the

Back 35

basal nuclei and the limbic system

Front 36

The limbic system plays a role in

Back 36

a range of emotions, memory, olfaction

Front 37

Area located posterior to the central sulcus and receives nerve impulses for touch, pressure, vibration, itch, tickle, temperature, pain, and propioception.

Back 37

primary somatosensory area

Front 38

Located at the posterior of the occipital lobe and receives visual information

Back 38

primary visual area

Front 39

located in the superior part of the temporal lobe and receives information for sound

Back 39

primary auditory area

Front 40

The primary motor area is located

Back 40

in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

Front 41

Brocas speech area is located

Back 41

in the frontal love close to the lateral cerebral sulcus

Front 42

Receives input from the primary somatosensory area and thalamus and helps you determine shape, textures, orientation of an object, and perception.

Back 42

somatosenory association area

Front 43

Receives sensory impulses from the primary visual area and the thalamus; relates experiences and helps with recognition

Back 43

visual assocation

Front 44

Which cranial nerves are special sensory nerves?

Back 44

I,II, VIII

Front 45

Which cranial nerves are motor nerves

Back 45

III-VII

Front 46

Where is the olfactory epithelium located?

Back 46

Inferior to the cribiform plate and olfactory bulb

Front 47

Sequence of nerve cells within the retina

Back 47

Rod>Cone>Bipolar Cell>Ganglion Cell

Front 48

How are the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves related?

Back 48

The move the eyeballs and contain only motor axons as they exit the brain stem

Front 49

What are the three branches of the trigeminal (V) nerve?

Back 49

Ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular (largest)

Front 50

Why is the facial (VII) nerve considered the major motor nerve of the head?

Back 50

It innervates more named muscles than any other nerve in the body

Front 51

The vestibular branch of the VIII nerve carries

Back 51

impulses for equilibrium

Front 52

The cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve carries

Back 52

impulses for hearing

Front 53

Where do the motor axons of the accessory (XI) nerve originate?

Back 53

Anterior gray horn of the first five segments of the cervical portion of the spinal cord

Front 54

In which portion of the brain does the hypoglossal nucleus originate?

Back 54

Medulla oblongata

Front 55

The _____ develops into the cerebral hemispheres

Back 55

telencephlaon

Front 56

The______ develops into the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

Back 56

diencephalon

Front 57

The _____ develops into the midbrain

Back 57

mesencephalon

Front 58

The _______ becomes the pons and cerebellum

Back 58

metencephalon

Front 59

The ____develops into the medula oblongata and houses the remainder of the fourth ventricle

Back 59

myelencephalon