Chapter 14 Cards

Front 1

Genome

Back 1

The full set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA.

Front 2

Karyotype

Back 2

When scientists cut out and match up chromosomes to arrange them into a picture. It shows the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size.

Front 3

Sex chromosome

Back 3

Two of the 46 chromosomes in the body that determine the sex of a human.

XX= Female

XY= Male

Front 4

Non-Disjunction

Back 4

When homologous chromosomes fail to separate and do not come apart. If this occurs during meiosis, there could be gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes, maybe resulting in a disorder of chromosome numbers.

Front 5

Pedigree

Back 5

A chart that shows a pattern of a particular trait in a family. It shows the presence or absence of a trait according to the relationships between parents, siblings, and offspring.

Front 6

Cystic fibrosis

Back 6

Disease in which there is a loss of the amino acid phenylalanine that causes the protein to fold improperly leading to body malfunctions.

Front 7

Sickle cell anemia

Back 7

Disease in which a defective allele causes molecules to stick together when the blood oxygen level decreases. Theses molecules clump together forcing cell into a distinctive sickle shape.

Front 8

Huntington's

Back 8

Disease caused by a dominant allele for a protein found in the brain cells. IT contains a long string of bases in which glutamine repeats over and over again. Side effects include mental deterioration and uncontrollable movements.

Front 9

Autosome

Back 9

The remaining 44 chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes.

Front 10

Monosomy

Back 10

A chromosome having no homologue, especially an unpaired X chromosome.

Front 11

Polyploidy

Back 11

The condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes.

Front 12

Trisomy

Back 12

An abnormality, characterized by the presence of an additional chromosome to the normal diploid number.

Front 13

What is a karyotype? What can they be used for?

Back 13

It is a picture that scientists put together by cutting of chromosomes and matching them with the correct pair. It can be used to see a diploid set at decreasing size. This would show if that person has a mutation or an extra chromosome or sex chromosome.

Front 14

How do you use a pedigree to analyze human inheritance.

Back 14

You use it by placing the parents genotypes on the sides of the square and then put what combinations that there baby could come out with on the inside of each square.

Front 15

What are common human traits?

Back 15

hair color, eye color, attached or free earlobe, hitchhiker's thumb, size of body, skin color, etc.

Front 16

How do genetic diseases differ from other diseases.

Back 16

Genetic diseases differ because they are usually pertaining to a change in a certain protein that causes certain cellular functions to not work or change. This is also different because it can be passed down from generation to generation from just having it in your body at all (carrier).

Front 17

What are some significant genetic diseases>

Back 17

Sickle cell disease- causes cells to become a distinct sickle shape.

Cystic Fibrosis- removes a single amino acid called phenylalanine that causes tissues throughout the body to malfunction.

Huntington's Disease-caused by a dominant allele in brain cells that causes long strains of glutamine to form. A side affect is uncontrollable movement, usually only occurring until middle age.

Front 18

What are the effects of errors in meiosis?

Back 18

If meiosis does not split properly, It can cause nondisjunction which may result in an abnormal number of chromosomes, leading to a disorder of chromosome numbers.

Front 19

Be able to recognize some chromosomal and autosomal genetic disorders.

Back 19

chromosomal- disorder of any other chromosomes in the body except sex chromosomes. Ex. trisome syndome.

autosomal- sex cell disorders. Ex. Extra X.

Front 20

What are monosomy and trisomy and examples of each.

Back 20

monosomy is when you are missing one chromosome from a pair. Ex. male (klinefelter's syndrome) female (Turners syndrome).

trisomy is when you have n extra chromosome in a pair. Ex. trisomy 18 (Edwards disease), trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome), trisomy 21(downs syndrome).