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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why did the world view change after the renaissance?
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A. 1453- Ottoman Turks take Constantinople
B. 1492- Columbus Sails C. Da Gama Reaches India D. Magellan’s expedition |
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Renaissance causes these changes because of its changes
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A. Art
B. Culture C. Religion D. Politics E. Economics (become wealthy) F. People’s curiosity |
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What is the Silk Road?
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A. Series of routes connecting East to West
B. Way goods and ideas go back and forth between East and West |
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What did the Silk Road cause?
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Connection between East & West slows down
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what did the Europeans want from the East?
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a. Silk- so soft for clothes
b. Spices- food tastes better & to preserve food |
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Connection between East and West
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The Plage (Black Death) & Middle Man
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How did the plague affect trade?
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No desire to go to a city full of sick people
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Who was the Middle Man?
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traders who only sold to Italians
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What did the Middle Man do?
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a. Raises your price
b. To avoid- buy directly c. Direct route E to W saves money- possibly around Africa |
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Causes of European Exploration
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A. Desire for Asian luxury goods- spices, gold, silks
B. Motivation to spread Christianity C. Need to gain better access to trade- direct route D. Desire to gain glory for country E. Renaissance caused curiosity to explore new lands F. Competition with other countries |
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Simply what are the Causes of European Exploration?
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Gold, Glory, and God
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First location
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Portugal
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Leader of Portugal
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Prince Henry of Portugal/Prince Henry the Navigator
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What does Prince Henry do?
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Opens a school for sailors/navigators
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School for Sailors/Navigators
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a. become cartographers
b. cartographers make maps- important because you know where you are and someone else can make the same route c. made new ships and instruments |
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What expedition does Prince Henry take?
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Do not know much about Africa except they are not Christian so convert them on way through- Set up ports for rest stops along Africa
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Who were the Dias?
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First to prove you can get around tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope) and reach
Asia |
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Where were the Dias located?
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below South America
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Who were the De Gama?
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People who got around Africa and reached India
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De Gama's conflict
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Didn’t have much luck because people of India didn’t want to trade with them
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Why didnt India want to trade with De Gama?
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The Muslims (middle man) didn’t want them to trade with anyone else but them because they monopolize the trade
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What did Portuguese success cause?
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1. competition between portuguese and Europeans
2. Christopher Columbus' expedition 3. Spain and Portugal decide to divide the New World |
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What did the Portuguese and Europeans compete for?
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a. Power/Glory
b. Money c. New Land |
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Where was Christopher Columbus from?
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Genoa, Italy
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What was Christopher Columbus' big idea?
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to go to the King and Queen of Spain (Ferdinand and Isabella) believing he can get to the East by sailing West
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Ferdinand and Isabella
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1) Ferdinand & Isabella- recently married and united Spain joining Castille and Aragon making Spain very powerful
2) Feel they must be more powerful than Portugal |
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Three ships Columbus sails in?
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Santa Maria, Pinta, and Nina
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When did Columbus start sailing?
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August of 1492
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Columbus' miscalculations
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1) Did not know there were huge land masses
2) Thinks he is in Egypt 3) Names islands he lands in the West Indies 4) Thought the Earth was small- wrong about size of Earth |
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How does Columbus' expedition end?
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He never reaches Asia and dies not knowing where he is
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When Spain and Portugal divide the New World
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a. Can’t decide who should draw the line- pope decides it should be the 38th degree of longitude (line of demarcation)
b. Other countries don’t like it so Treaty of Todesillas divides new world between Spain and Portugal to 46 degrees 37 minutes West c. English, French, and Dutch ignore the division |
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Amerigo Vespucci
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a) drew one of first maps of the Americas & put his name on them
b) Italian map maker |
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What were all countries convinced was the way to get around?
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a water passage they could sail through
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a water passage they could sail through
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Northwest Passage
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What was was the conclusion of the Northwest Passage?
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1. Not there- no way to sail through
2. still believe you can get through- must go around the continents |
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Going around the continents
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a. can’t sail North- too much ice and cold
b. Sail around South America to Straits of Magellan and do not sail completely around |
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Who was Ferdinand Magellan
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1) First man to circumnavigate- but does not make it and dies near Philippine but his expedition does
2) Ships didn’t make it back for 3 years |
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Two parts of Africa
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a. Saharan Africa
b. Sub-Saharan Africa |
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Africans outside contact
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c. Europeans don’t know what’s there- but there are many African kingdoms with great intellect & wealth/ Muslims have been making contact and trading with them for some time
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What were the three tribes of Africa?
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Ghana, Swahili, and Great Zimbabwe
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Ghana tribe
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becomes Mali (became Muslim)-Traded with Muslims gold for salt
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African geography
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Not Easy to access interior- no strong river system
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Where were the most active Europeans?
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Africa
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Portugal/Africa relationship
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Portugal- set up trading ports and traded with Africans but did not enter country- most valuable thing to trade was slaves
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Countries involved in Europe and slave trade
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Europe, America, and Africa
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Triangle Trade
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process by which slaves come to America, America sends raw materials (molasses) to Europe & Europeans make things from raw materials (rum) & trade for slaves- very profitable
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African response to triangle trade
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Several groups do not like slave trade but it has gotten so big they can’t stop it
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Conclusion of African response
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a) Europeans think they are better than Africans
b) Slave trade stops when market stops |
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Europe and South Africa
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1. Dutch who want to get away from The Netherlands (Holland)
2. Spain followed by Great Britain and then English 3. Southeast Asia- India |
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Dutch
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a. Farmers
b. Called themselves Afrikaners c. Come into conflict with Great Britain who called them Boers d. Go away for freedom |
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Why Great Britain wants to get away
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1) profit
2) war |
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encounter in East Asia
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By time Europeans get to China Ming Dynasty rules china, the great wall is complete, and Europeans want to trade
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Great Wall of China
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protects from northern people
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What do Europeans want out of the trading with China?
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a. silk
b. spices c. porcelain- china |
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Problem with the encounter of East Asia
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Chinese don’t want anything from the Europeans except gold & silver & don’t like their religion and disrespect for their customs so only allow them at one time in one place during year
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Ming Dynasty is invaded
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a. People from Manchuria- north invade- Manchus
b. Very smart people- want to be excepted by Chinese c. Economic policy of Chinese |
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economic policy of the chinese
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do not trade much with Europe because they have little to offer- limit the trade even more & became isolated from European world
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Korea
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“The Hermit Kingdom" (no one knows anything about them)- trapped between Japan and China & invaded by both
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attitude of the koreans after the invasion
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cut off all contacts
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Japan
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became feudal and Europeans want to trade with Japan to get profit
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Japan becomes feudal
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a. European Feudalism
b. no strong leadership- must protect them by giving land to people who can protect them- Land for Loyalty |
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Emperor of Japan
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loses power so gives land to people who will protect him- the Shoguns
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The Shoguns
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Military and political power who has real power- Samurai knights fight for Shogun
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Bushido
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strict code of honor- the extreme that could happen if you fail/disgrace yourself you kill yourself
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When Europeans come to trade with Japan
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a. come in with Jesuits to convert Japanese
b. Japanese thought they were dirty & had no respect for themselves; Japanese don’t want anything from them so kicked them out except for one ship a year & isolate themselves |
