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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mechanism that blocks specific substances found in the bloodstream from entering the brain
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blood-brain barrier
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division of a neuron that includes the nucleus, cell organelles, and surrounding cytoplasm, but does not include the axon or dendrites
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cell body
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neuron that transmitts impulses from the central nervous system to a muscle or gland; aka efferent neuron
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motor neuron
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physiological change transmitted through certain tissues, especially nerve fibers and muscles, resulting in activity or inhibition
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nervous impulse
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branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system
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neurology
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chemical substance that transmitts or inhibits nerve impulses at a synapse
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neurotransmitter
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cytoplasm structure that provides specialized function for a cell
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organelle
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branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders
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psychiatry
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neuron that transmitts impulses form receptors in the skin, sense organs, and internal organs to the central nervous system; aka afferent neuron
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sensory neuron
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junction where a nerve impulse passes from an axon terminal to a neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell
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synapse
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tree
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dendr/o
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brain
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encephal/o
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glue; neuroglial tissue
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gli/o
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word, phrase
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lex/o
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movement
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kinesi/o
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thin, slender
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lept/o
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stupor; numbness; sleep
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narc/o
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strength
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sthen/o
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nerve root
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radicul/o
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sheath (usually refers to meninges)
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thec/o
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tension
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ton/o
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pain
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-algesia ; -algia
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weakness, debility
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asthenia
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feeling
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-esthesia
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movement (suffix)
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-kinseia
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seizure
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-lepsy
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order, coordination
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-taxia
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development, nourishment
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-trophy
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against
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contra-
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thick
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pachy-
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inability to comprehend auditory, visual, spacial, olfactory, or other sensations even though the sensory sphere is intact
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agnosia
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lack of muscle coordination in the execution of voluntary movement
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ataxia
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self-limiting paralysis due to developmental defects in the brain or trauma during the birth process
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cerebral palsy
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alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles
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clonic spasm
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abnormally deep unconsciousness with absense of voluntary response to stimuli
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coma
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transient loss of consciousness as a result of trauma to the head
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concussion
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broad term that refers to cognitive deficit, including memory impairment
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dementia
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painful, acute infectious disease of the posterior root ganglia of only a few segments of the spinal or cranial nerves; aka shingles
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herpes zoster
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inherited disease of the CNS that usually has its onset in people between ages 30-50
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Huntington chorea
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accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the brain, causing thinning of brain tissue and separation of cranial bones
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hydrocephalus
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defect in which the neural lobe fails to close during embryogenesis
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spina bifida
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form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord develops properly but the meninges protrude through the spine
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meningocele
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most severe form of spina bifida where the spinal cord and meninges protrude through the spine
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myelomeningocele
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form of spina bifida where one or more vertebrae are malformed and the spinal cord is covered with a layer of skin
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occulta
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paralysis of the lower portion of the trunk and both legs usually as a result of injury or disease of the spine
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paraplegia
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sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity
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parasthesia
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inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, commonly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis
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poliomyelitis
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paralysis of all four extremities and usually the trunk
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quadriplegia
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sever pain in the leg along the course of the sciatic nerve felt at the bas of the spine, down the thigh, and radiating down the leg due to a compressed nerve
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sciatica
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temp. loss of consciousness due to the sudden decline of blood flow to the brain; aka fainting
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synacope
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syncope due to a drop in blood pressure brought on by the response of the nervous system to abrupt emotional stress, pain, or trauma
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vasovagal
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recording of electrical activity in the brain, whose cells emit distinct patterns of rhythmic electrical impulses
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electroencephalography (EEG)
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needle puncture of the spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, introduce anesthetic agents into the spinal canal, or remove fluidto allow other fluids to be injected
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lumbar puncture
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technique that cuts a circular opening into te skull to reveal brain tissue and decrease intracranial pressure
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trephination
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CNS
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central nervous system
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CSF
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cerebral spinal fluid
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CVA
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cerebrovascular accident
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LP
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lumbar puncture
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TIA
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transient ischemic attack
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releive or eliminate pain
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analgesics
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produce partial or complete loss of sensation, with or without loss of consciousness
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anesthetics
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act upon the brain to produce complete loss of feeling with loss of consciousness
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general anesthetic
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act upon nerves or nerve tracts and affect a local area only
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local anesthetic
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suppress or control seizures by stabilizing the neuron membrane and reducing its excitability
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anticonvulsants
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reduce the signs and symptoms associated with Parkins disease by increasing dopamine in the brain
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aniparkinsonian agents
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depress central nervous system functions and promote sedation and sleep
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hypontics
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treat multiple symptoms or depression
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antidepressants
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