Chapter 14

Front 1

The "body sense" in which input from the skin, muscles, tendons, and vestibular system, results in the perception of the body.

Back 1

Proprioception

Front 2

The sense of the position and movement of the limbs

Back 2

Kinesthesis

Front 3

Receptors that respond to mechanical stimulation such as pressure, stretching, and vibration.

Back 3

Mechanoreceptors

Front 4

A disk-shaped receptor located near the border between the epidermis and the dermis.

Back 4

Merkel Receptors

Front 5

Responds best to fine details

Back 5

Merkel Receptors

Front 6

A stack of flattened cells located in the dermis just below the epidermis.

Back 6

Meissner Corpuscle

Front 7

Responds to fluttering (slowly changing) stimuli on the skin and is also controlling hand-grasp.

Back 7

Meissner Corpuscle

Front 8

Many-branched fibers inside a roughly cylindrical capsule.

Back 8

Ruffini Cylinder

Front 9

Responds to the stretching of stimuli.

Back 9

Ruffini Cylinder

Front 10

A layered, onion-like capsule that surrounds a nerve fiber; located deep in the skin; can also be found in other places such as the intestines and joints.

Back 10

Pacinian Corpuscle

Front 11

Responds to rapid vibrations and fine textures sensed by moving the fibers across a surface.

Back 11

Pacinian Corpuscle

Front 12

Fibers associated with the Merkel and Ruffini receptors; they fire continuously, as long as pressure is applied.

Back 12

Slowly Adapting (SA) fibers.
Merkel (SA1), Ruffini (SA2)

Front 13

Fibers associated with the Meissner receptor and Pacinian corpuscle; they fire only at the onset and offset of stimulation.

Back 13

Rapidly Adapting (RA) fibers.
Meissner (RA1), Pacinian (RA2)

Front 14

Has large fibers that carry signals related to sensing the position of the lmbs and perceiving touch.

Back 14

Medial Lemniscal Pathway

Front 15

Consists of smaller fibers that transmit signals related to temperature and pain.

Back 15

Spinothalamic Pathway

Front 16

Location of synapse of the Medial Lemniscal Pathway and Spinothalamic Pathway in the journey upwards.

Back 16

Ventrolateral Nucleus in the Thalamus

Front 17

S1

Back 17

Somatosensory Receiving Area in the Parietal Lobe

Front 18

S2

Back 18

Secondary Somatosensory Cortex

Front 19

Organizational map on the somatosensory cortex - organizaed into maps that correspond to location on the body.

Back 19

Homunculus

Front 20

The ability to detect details on the skin.

Back 20

Tactile Acuity

Front 21

The minimum separation between two points on the skin that when stimulated is perceived as two points.

Back 21

Two-point Threshold

Front 22

Presenting a grooved stimulus and asking the person to indicate the orientation of the grating.

Back 22

Grating Acuity

Front 23

The area on the skin that, when stimulated, influences the firing rate of the neuron.

Back 23

Receptive field

Front 24

Spacial Cues

Back 24

determined by the size, shape, and distribution of surface elements, such as bumps and grooves (perceiving coarse texture)

Front 25

Temporal Cues

Back 25

determined by the rate of vibrations that occur as we move our skin across a fine texture.

Front 26

Passive Touch

Back 26

someone or something touching you

Front 27

active touch

Back 27

experienced when the person controls the touch stimulation

Front 28

Haptic Perception

Back 28

3D objects explored with hands

Front 29

Pain

Back 29

an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of damage.

Front 30

Multimodal Nature of Pain

Back 30

physical and emotional

Front 31

Nociceptive Pain

Back 31

serves as a warning of impending damage to the skin.

Front 32

Insula

Back 32

are of the cortex deep between the parietal and temporal regions and the anterior cingulate cortex.

Front 33

Pain Matrix

Back 33

brain regions associated with pain perception

Front 34

Inflammatory Pain

Back 34

caused by damage to tissues and inflammations to joints or by tumor cells.

Front 35

Neuropathic Pain

Back 35

caused by lesions or other damage to the nervous system, spinal cord injury, and brain damage due to stroke.

Front 36

Stimulation-Produced Analgesia

Back 36

Process by which the brain can reduce the perception of pain.

Front 37

Used to reduce pain and induce feelings of euphoria.

Back 37

Opiods

Front 38

Naloxone

Back 38

antagonist - inhibits the effect of pain relievers - binds to the receptor sites usually occupied by heroin.

Front 39

Pain-reducing neurotransmitter

Back 39

endorphins