Chapter 14

Front 1

afferent

Back 1

carry or move inward or toward a central structure

Front 2

blood-brain barrier

Back 2

protective mechanism that blocks specific substances found in the bloodstream from entering brain tissue

Front 3

central nervous system

Back 3

nervous tissue found in the brain and spinal cord

Front 4

efferent

Back 4

carry or move away from an inward structure

Front 5

nerve fiber

Back 5

projection of a neuron, especially the axon that transmits impulses

Front 6

neurilemma

Back 6

additional sheath external to myelin that is formed by Schwann cells and found only on axons in the peripheral nervous system

Front 7

ventricle

Back 7

chamber or cavity of an organ that recieves or holds a fluid

Front 8

cerebr/o

Back 8

cerebrum

Front 9

crani/o

Back 9

cranium (skull)

Front 10

dendr/o

Back 10

tree

Front 11

encephal/o

Back 11

brain

Front 12

gangli/o

Back 12

ganglion (knot or knotlike structure)

Front 13

gli/o

Back 13

glue; neurological tissue

Front 14

kinesi/o

Back 14

movement

Front 15

lept/o

Back 15

thin, slender

Front 16

lex/o

Back 16

word, phrase

Front 17

mening/o; meningi/o

Back 17

meninges

Front 18

myel/o

Back 18

bone marrow; spinal cord

Front 19

narc/o

Back 19

stupor; numbness; sleep

Front 20

neur/o

Back 20

nerve

Front 21

radicul/o

Back 21

nerve root

Front 22

sthen/o

Back 22

strength

Front 23

thalam/o

Back 23

thalamus

Front 24

thec/o

Back 24

sheath

Front 25

ton/o

Back 25

tension

Front 26

ventricul/o

Back 26

ventricle

Front 27

-algesia; -algia

Back 27

pain

Front 28

-asthenia

Back 28

weakness, debility

Front 29

-esthesia

Back 29

feeling

Front 30

-kinesia

Back 30

movement

Front 31

-lepsy

Back 31

seizure

Front 32

-paresis

Back 32

partial paralysis

Front 33

-phasia

Back 33

speech

Front 34

-plegia

Back 34

paralysis

Front 35

-taxia

Back 35

order, coordination

Front 36

pachy-

Back 36

thick

Front 37

para-

Back 37

near, beside; beyond

Front 38

syn-

Back 38

union, together, joined

Front 39

uni-

Back 39

one

Front 40

agnosia

Back 40

inability to comprehend auditory, visual, spatial, olfactory, or other sensations even though sensory sphere is intact

Front 41

astenia

Back 41

weakness, debility, or loss of strength

Front 42

ataxia

Back 42

lack of muscle coordination in execution of voluntary movement

Front 43

aura

Back 43

promonitory awareness of an approaching physical or mental disorder; precedes seizures

Front 44

autism

Back 44

developmental disorder, extreme withdrawal and abnormal absorption in fantasy

Front 45

closed head trauma

Back 45

injury to head, dura mater remains intact and brain tissue not exposed

Front 46

coma

Back 46

abnormal deep unconsciousness with absence of voluntary response

Front 47

concussion

Back 47

injury to the brain, occasionally with transient loss of consciousness as a result as injury or trauma

Front 48

convulsion

Back 48

any sudden violent contraction of one of more muscles

Front 49

dementia

Back 49

broad term referring to cognitive deficit, including memory impairment

Front 50

dyslexia

Back 50

inability to learn and process written language, despite adequate intelligence

Front 51

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Back 51

autoimmune condition causing acute inflammation of peripheral nerves, myelin sheaths on axons destroyed

Front 52

herpes zoster

Back 52

painful acute infectious disease of posterior root ganglia of only a few segments of spinal or cranial nerves, aka shingles

Front 53

Huntington chorea

Back 53

inherited disease of CNS, quick involuntary movements, speech disturbances, and mental deterioration

Front 54

hyroephalus

Back 54

accumulation of fluid in ventricles of brain, causes increased intracranial pressure, thinning brain tissue, seperation of cranial bones

Front 55

lethargy

Back 55

abnormal inactivity or lack of response to normal stimuli, sluggishness

Front 56

neurosis

Back 56

nonpsychotic mental illness that triggers feelings of distress and anxiety and impairs normal behavior

Front 57

palsy

Back 57

paralysis, usually partial, commonly characterized by weakness and shaking

Front 58

bell palsy

Back 58

facial paralysis, functional disorder of seventh cranial nerve, associated with herpes

Front 59

cerebral palsy

Back 59

type of paralysis affecting movement and body position, sometimes speech and learning ability

Front 60

paralysis

Back 60

loss of voluntary movement in one or more muscle groups

Front 61

hemiplegia

Back 61

paralysis of one side of body, typically result of stroke

Front 62

paraplegia

Back 62

paralysis of both lower limbs

Front 63

quadriplegia

Back 63

paralysis of both arms and legs

Front 64

psychosis

Back 64

major emotional disorder which contact with reality is lost

Front 65

spina bifida

Back 65

defect in which neural tube fails to close during embryogenesis

Front 66

meningocele spina bifida

Back 66

spinal cord develops properly but meninges protrude through spine

Front 67

myelomeningocele spina bifida

Back 67

most severe form, spinal cord and meninges protrude through spine

Front 68

occulta spina bifida

Back 68

one or more vertebrae are malformed and spinal cord is covered with a layer of skin

Front 69

parestheisa

Back 69

sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened senesitivity

Front 70

poliomyelitis

Back 70

inflammation of gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, results in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis

Front 71

Reye syndrome

Back 71

acute encephalopathy and fatty infiltration of the brain, liver, and possible the pancreas heart kidney spleen and lymph nodes

Front 72

sciatica

Back 72

severe pain in leg along sciatic nerve felt at base of spine, down thigh, and radiating down the leg due to compressed nerve

Front 73

syncope

Back 73

temporary loss of consciousness due to sudden decline of blood flow to the brain, aka fainting

Front 74

vasovagal syncope

Back 74

due to drop of blood pressure brought on by response of nervous system to abrupt emotional stress, pain, or trauma

Front 75

tonic-clonic seizure

Back 75

general type of seizure characterized by loss of consciousness and stiffening of body (tonic) follow by rhythmic jerking movements (clonic)