Chapter 14

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Free Soil Party

Back 1

A political third party active between 1848-1852.
Most of it's strength originated from New York.
Consisted of former anti-slavery members of the Whig Party and the Democratic Party.
Its main purpose was opposing the expansion of slavery into the western territories.
They opposed slavery in the new territories and sometimes worked to remove existing laws that discriminated against freed African Americans in states such as Ohio

Front 2

Fugitive Slave Law

Back 2

Because of the Compromise of 1850,
the antislavery advocates gained the admission of California as a free state,
and the prohibition of slave-trading in the District of Columbia.

Front 3

Harriet Tubman

Back 3

Underground Railroad Conductor
African-American abolitionist, and Union spy during the American Civil War.
Escaped slavery, (born in)
Made thirteen missions to rescue more than 70 slaves
using the Underground Railroad.
Helped John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harper's Ferry, & women's suffrage.

Front 4

Ostend Manifesto

Back 4

A document written in 1854
Describes reason U.S. purchase Cuba from Spain
&implied the U.S. should declare war if Spain refused the offer.

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Kansas Nebraska Act

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Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska,
opened new lands,
repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820,
allowed settlers in those territories to determine if they would allow slavery within their boundaries.
The original purpose of the Kansas Nebraska Act was to create opportunities for a Mideastern Transcontinental Railroad.

Front 6

Wilmot Proviso

Back 6

A major event that led to the Civil War,
Banned slavery in any territory to be acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War

Front 7

William Lloyd Garrison

Back 7

American abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer.
Editor of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator,
A founder of the American Anti-Slavery Society,
he promoted "immediate emancipation" of slaves in the United States. Garrison was also a prominent voice for the women's suffrage movement.

Front 8

Frederick Douglas

Back 8

American social reformer, orator, writer and statesman.
Escaped slavery,
Became a leader of the abolitionist movement,
Gained renown for his antislavery writing.

Front 9

Popular Sovereignty

Back 9

-Legitimacy of the state is created by the will or consent of its people, who are the source of all political power.

Front 10

Underground Railroad

Back 10

Informal network of secret routes and safe houses used by slaves
To escape to free states and Canada
with the aid of abolitionists who were sympathetic to their cause.

Front 11

Compromise of 1850

Back 11

5 bills (documents) defusing a 4yr confrontation between slave states of the South and free states of the North
that arose after the Mexican-American War (1846–1848).

Front 12

Dred Scott Decision

Back 12

Ruling by the Supreme Court that people of African descent imported into the US
Held as slaves were not protected by the Constitution and could not be U.S. citizens.

Front 13

Panic of 1857

Back 13

Financial panic due to the declining international economy
&over expansion of the domestic economy.

Front 14

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Back 14

an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel "helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War", according to Will Kaufman

Front 15

Bleeding Kansas

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a series of violent events, involving anti-slavery Free-Staters and pro-slavery "Border Ruffian" elements, that took place in the Kansas Territory and the western frontier towns of the U.S. state of Missouri roughly between 1854 and 1858.

Front 16

Crittenden Compromise

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An unsuccessful proposal by Kentucky Senator John J. Crittenden to resolve the US succession crisis 1860-1861 by addressing the concerns that led the states in the Deep South of the United States to contmeplate succession from the United States.

Front 17

Fort Sumter

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a coastal fortification located in Charleston, South Carolina. its where the shots initiating the American Civil War: The Battle of Fort Sumter.

Front 18

Jefferson Davis

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leader of the Confederacy during the Civil war.& was also the president for the entire time.He argued against succession.

Front 19

Anaconda Plan

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To subdued the succeeding states, purposed by General Winfield Scott, wants to capture the Mississippi River to cut it in two, had to capture the harbors south of the Chesapeake Bay, control in the Mississippi results in of the capture of Vicksburg.

Front 20

Robert E. Lee

Back 20

The commanding chief during the American civil war

Front 21

Ulysses S. Grant

Back 21

18th president of the United States. Military commander during the Civil War and post-war Reconstruction periods. Under Grant's command, the Union Army defeated the Confederate military and ended the Confederate States of America.

Front 22

Iron Clads

Back 22

March 1862 also known as the Merrimac, the Confederates. The Monitor vs. the Merrimac: they shot cannons at each other. The Union was successful because they were able to keep their blockade.
Buy your way out of the Military Service

Front 23

Battle of Antietam

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September 17, 1862, it’s a Union Victory About 23,000 causalities
Led by General McClellan goes to meet General Lee in Maryland. McClellan gets inside information. McClellan allows Lee’s army to regroup.
Abraham Lincoln replaces McClellan.

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Emancipation Proclamation

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It stated that the Border States got to keep slavery. Only the states that broke away from the Union did the Emancipation Proclamation pertain to. Abraham was known as the “Emancipator.” The Radicals in Congress wanted to abolish slavery. Republicans: Thaddeus Stevens from Pennsylvania Charles Sumner from Massachusetts and Benjamin Wade from wanted a fast change
In 1861 Congress pasted the Confiscation Act, which stated that all slaves used for the insurrection would be free if they were fighting against the Confederates.1862: Second Confiscation Act: Stated it would employ African Americans including free slaves in the Union army. September 22, 1862 Lincoln announces his executive order freeing all slaves in the Confederacy. In January 1 1863 Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation that forever-free slaves in the entire Confederacy.
Significance: was a statement that the war was being fought not only to preserve the Union but also to eliminate slavery.

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54th Regiment

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The first African American Regiment in the army. The regiment was one of the first official black units in the United States during the Civil War. The 1st South Carolina Volunteer Infantry Regiment, recruited from freed slaves, was the first Union Army regiment organized with African American soldiers in the Civil War, though many had fought in the American Revolution and the War of 1812 on both sides.

Front 26

Morril Tariff Act of 1861

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American protective tariff law adopted on March 2, 1861 during the Buchanan Administration and signed into law by President James Buchanan, a Democrat. The act is named after its sponsor, Representative Justin Morrill of Vermont, who drafted it with the advice of Pennsylvania economist Henry C. Carey. Passage was possible because many low-tariff Southerners had left Congress after their states declared their secession. The Morrill Tariff raised rates to protect and encourage industry and the high wages of industrial workers.

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Homestead Act of 1862

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one of two United States federal laws that gave an applicant freehold title to up to 160 acres (65 hectares or one-fourth section) of undeveloped federal land west of the Mississippi River. The law required three steps: file an application, improve the land, and file for deed of title. Anyone who had never taken up arms against the U.S. government, including freed slaves, could file an application and evidence of improvements to a federal land area. signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on May 20, 1862. Eventually 1.6 million homesteads were granted and 270,000,000 acres (420,000 sq mi) of federal land were privatized between 1862 and 1934, a total of 10% of all lands in the United States.[9] Homesteading was discontinued in 1976, except in Alaska, where it continued until 1986.

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Legal Tender Act of 1862

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The Legal Tender Act of 1862 was enacted to issue paper money to finance the Civil War without raising taxes.[5] The paper money depreciated in terms of gold and became the subject of controversy, particularly because debts contracted earlier could be paid in this cheaper currency.[

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Pacific Railroad Act of 1862

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series of acts of Congress that promoted the construction of the transcontinental railroad in the United States through authorizing the issuance of government bonds and the grants of land to railroad companies. Signed into law by the President Abraham Lincoln on July 1, 1862, the 1862 Act authorized extensive land grants[1] in the Western United States and the issuance of 30-year government bonds (at 6 percent) to the Union Pacific Railroad and Central Pacific Railroad (later the Southern Pacific Railroad) companies in order to construct a transcontinental railroad.

Front 30

National Bank Act of 1863

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2 federal laws that established a system of national charters for banks,
Used to raise money for the federal government during the American Civil War
To finance the war against the Confederacy.
Focus was to entice banks to buy federal bonds and taxing state bank-issued currency out of existence, but it proved defective and was replaced by the National Bank Act of 1864 just one year later.

Front 31

Battle of Vicksburg

Back 31

Last major military action in the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War.
When two major assaults against the Confederate repulsed with heavy casualties,
Grant decided to besiege the city
With no re-enforcement, supplies nearly gone, and garrison finally Yielded command of the Mississippi River to the Union forces, who would hold it for the rest of the conflict.

Front 32

Battle of Gettysburg

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Largest number of casualties Civil War
War's turning point
Union Maj. Gen. George Gordon Meade's Army of the Potomac defeated attacks by Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of
Northern Virginia,
ending Lee's invasion of the North.

Front 33

Copperheads

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Vocal group of Democrats in the Northern United States opposed the American Civil War,
wanting an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates.

Front 34

New York Draft Riots of 1863

Back 34

violent disturbances in NYC that were the culmination of discontent with new lands passed by Congress to draft men to fight in civil war

Front 35

Appomattox

Back 35

thre final engagement of confederate state army general robert e. lee of northern virginia before it surrendered to the union army under grant. one of the last battles of civil war

Front 36

Trent Affair

Back 36

an international diplomatic incident that occured during the American Civil War
Removed as contraband of war two confederate diplomats,
James Mason and John Slidell.