Chapter 14

Front 1

Free Soil Party

Back 1

What: a short-lived political party in the United States
Where:United States
When: 1848 and 1852 presidential elections
Significance: They opposed slavery in the new territories and sometimes worked to remove existing laws that discriminated against freed African Americans in states such as Ohio

Front 2

Fugitive Slave Law

Back 2

What: declared that all runaway slaves be brought back to their masters.
Where: USA
When: September 18, 1850
Significance: To lessen the tension of the South being angry that slaves are running up North

Front 3

Harriet Tubman

Back 3

Who: an African-American abolitionist, humanitarian, and Union spy during the American Civil War.
Where: USA
When: Civil War
Significance: She liberated slaves and a big contributor to the Underground Railroads. First Black Woman to lead a armed expedition

Front 4

Ostend Manifesto

Back 4

What: A written document that described the rationale for the United States to purchase Cuba from Spain and implied the U.S. should declare war if Spain refused
Where: USA
When: 1854
Significance: outlined the reasons a U.S. purchase of Cuba would be beneficial to all parties involved and declared that the U.S. would be "justified in wresting" the island from Spanish hands if Spain refused to sell

Front 5

Kansas Nebraska Act

Back 5

What: created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska
Where: USA
When: 1854
Significance: The act established that settlers could vote to decide whether to allow slavery, in the name of popular sovereignty or rule of the people.

Front 6

Wilmot Proviso

Back 6

What: banned slavery in any territory to be acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War or in the future
Where: south Texas and New Mexico east of the Rio Grande
When: 1850s
Significance: one of the major events that would lead to the Civil War

Front 7

William Llyod Garrison

Back 7

Who: prominent American abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer
Where: USA
When: 1850s
Significance: one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society, he promoted "immediate emancipation" of slaves in the United States and also a prominent voice for the women's suffrage movement.

Front 8

Frederick Douglas

Back 8

Who: American social reformer, orator, writer, runaway slave and statesman
Where: the Union States
When: 1845
Significance: Wrote a autobiography telling the harshness of slavery and was a reformer striving equality for all people

Front 9

Popular Sovereignty

Back 9

What: Allowed the people to make their own decisions
Where: USA
When:1850s
Significance: Made the people get a feeling of the federal government wasn't completely take all control

Front 10

Underground Railroad

Back 10

What: an informal network of secret routes and safe houses used by black slaves in the United States to escape to free states and Canada with the aid of abolitionists
Where: USA
When:19th-century
Significance: To help black slaves escape from the terrors of slavery. To also lessen the amount of slavery in the USA

Front 11

Compromise of 1850

Back 11

What: an intricate package of five bills, defusing a four-year confrontation between the slave states of the South and the free states of the North that arose following the Mexican War
Where: USA
When: September 1850
Significance: To avoid any chance of starting a civil war among the Free states and slave states

Front 12

Dred Scott Decision

Back 12

What: as a ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court that people of African descent imported into the United States and held as slaves were not protected by the Constitution and could never be U.S. citizens.
Where: USA
When: 1857
Significance: It said that congress had no power to to prohibit slavery in federal territories

Front 13

Panic of 1857

Back 13

What: financial panic in the United States caused by the declining international economy and over expansion of the domestic economy
Where: USA
When: 1857
Significance: it made marketers and business people realize not to take too many risks even though they got prosperous results in the previous years of the Panic of 1857

Front 14

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Back 14

What: an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe.
Where: USA
When: 1852
Significance: it is credited with helping fuel the abolitionist cause in the 1850s.

Front 15

Bleeding Kansas

Back 15

What: series of violent events, involving anti-slavery Free-Staters and pro-slavery "Border Ruffian" elements, that took place in the Kansas Territory
Where: Kansas and Western Missouri
When: 1854-1858
Significance: It reflected the tensions of the North and South on making it a slave or free state. Led to the Kansas Nebraska act

Front 16

Crittenden Compromise

Back 16

What: unsuccessful proposal by Kentucky Senator John J. Crittenden to resolve the U.S. secession crisis
Where: USA
When: 1860-1861
Significance: addressed the concerns that led the states in the Deep South of the United States to contemplate secession from the United States

Front 17

Fort Sumter

Back 17

What: Third System masonry coastal fortification
Where: Charleston harbor, South Carolina
When: Civil War
Significance: The fort is best known as the site upon which the shots initiating the American Civil War were fired

Front 18

Jefferson Davis

Back 18

What: an American statesman and leader of the Confederacy during the American Civil War; serving as the President for its entire history
Where: Confederacy
When: 1860s
Significance: Davis took charge of the Confederate war plans but was unable to find a strategy to stop the larger, more powerful and better organized Union. His diplomatic efforts failed to gain recognition from any foreign country, and he paid little attention to the collapsing Confederate economy, printing more and more paper money to cover the war's expenses

Front 19

Anaconda Plan

Back 19

What: an outline strategy for subduing the seceding states in the American Civil War.
Where: USA
When: Civil War
Significance: the plan emphasized the blockade of the Southern ports, and called for an advance down the Mississippi River to cut the South in two

Front 20

Robert E. Lee

Back 20

Who: career United States Army officer and combat engineer. American Civil War
Where: USA
When: Civil War
Significance: He became the commanding general of the Confederate army in the American Civil War

Front 21

Ulysses S. Grant

Back 21

Who: military commander during the Civil War
Where: USA
When: American Civil War
Significance: gave the Union control of the Mississippi River, split the Confederacy, and opened the way for more Union victories and conquests.

Front 22

Iron Clads

Back 22

What: Iron ships
Where: USA
When: Civil War
Significance: These ships were used for naval blockades and cannon proof

Front 23

Battle of Antietam

Back 23

What: the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil.
Where: USA
When: 1863
Significance: Union assaults against the Sunken Road eventually pierced the Confederate center, but the Federal advantage was not followed up. Nevertheless, Lee's invasion of Maryland was ended, and he was able to withdraw his army back to Virginia without interference from the cautious McClellan.

Front 24

Emancipation Proclamation

Back 24

What: an executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War under his war power
Where: USA
When: 1862
Significance: Lincoln made this order to weaken the Confederacy

Front 25

54th Regiment

Back 25

What: The Massachusetts army of the civil war
Where: USA
When: Civil War
Significance: one of the only regiments to have blacks upon their ranks in the regiment

Front 26

Morril tariff Act 1861

Back 26

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Front 27

Homestead Act 1862

Back 27

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Front 28

Pacific Railway Act 1862

Back 28

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Front 29

National Bank Act 1863

Back 29

What: two United States federal laws that established a system of national charters for banks, the United States national banks.
Where: USA
When: 1863
Significance: encouraged development of a national currency based on bank holdings of U.S. Treasury securities, the so-called National Bank Notes ("greenbacks") and established the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency as part of the Department of the Treasury and authorized the Comptroller to examine and regulate nationally-chartered banks

Front 30

Battle of Vicksburg

Back 30

What: the final major military action in the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War.
Where: USA
When: Civil War
Significance: A union victory at Vicksburg cut off communication with Confederate forces in the Trans-Mississippi Department for the remainder of the war

Front 31

Battle of Gettysburg

Back 31

What: The battle with the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War
Where: Pennsylvania
When: July 1-3 1863
Significance: the turning point of the war

Front 32

Copperheads

Back 32

Who: vocal group of Democrats in the Northern United States who opposed the American Civil War
Where: USA
When: Civil war
Significance: wanted an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates.

Front 33

New York Draft Riots 1863

Back 33

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Front 34

Appomattax

Back 34

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Front 35

Trent Affair

Back 35

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Front 36

Legal Tender Act 1862

Back 36

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