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142 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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accessory organs of digestion
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salivary pancreas liver gallbladder
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act of swallowing
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deglutition
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act of chewing
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mastication
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difficulty swallowing
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dysphagia
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structure of salivary glands
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parotid subligual submandibular
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process of food down the esophagus
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paistalsis
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at what level does the esphagus pass through the diaphragm
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T10
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at what levels does the esophagus extend to
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C5-6 - T11
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opening between stomach and esophagus
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esophogastric junction
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subdivisions of stomach
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fundas body or corpus plyoric portion
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location of fundus
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superior and most posterior
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location lesser curvature
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medial of the body of the stomach
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location of the greater curvature
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lateral side of the stomach
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gastric fold is called
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rugae
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when is the best time to see the rugae
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empty stomach
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rugae is also known as the
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mucosal folds
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opening leaving the stomach
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pyloric orifice pylorus
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whch sphicter allows the food and fluid in
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cardiac sphinter
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whixh sphincter allows chime and gastric juices out
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pyloric sphinter
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barium gravitates to the ? when in a supine position(AP)
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fundus - lowest portion of the stomach -most posterior
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barium gravitates to which part of the stomach when in the prone position(PA)
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body and pylorus
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in an erect position where does barium fall and what is destictive about it
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pyloric portion of the stomach / air and barium line straight line
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LPO recumbent which parts are full of barium and which parts have air
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fundus and body are full with barium and duodenal bulb is full of air
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Air in the fundus with the duodenal bulb and c loop in profile indicate what
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RAO
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where is the romance of the abdomen located
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head of pancreas in c loop of the duodenum
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what 2 are retroperitoneal structures
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c loop and duodenum and pancreas
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which segmant does the head of the pancreas attach to with common bilary ducts and pacreatic ducts
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2nd segment of the duodenum
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duodenal bulb or cap is in what portion
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the 1st segment of the duodenum begining of the plyorus
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which segment is a common site for ulcers
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first superior segment of the duodenum or bulb /cap
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longest segment of the duodenum
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2nd portion descending
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fixed sensory ligament
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ligamnet of treitz
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where does the fourth ascending portion of the duadenum meet
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jujenum and the duadenojejenal flexure
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responsibilty for majority of absorption of water and vitaimns
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small intestine
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bacteria make which viatmines in what part of the intestine then absorb them for useage
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large intestine B and K
protiens into amino acids |
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stomach is at what level in a hyperstenic pt
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T9-T12 high and transverse
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stenic pt stomach is where in the body
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level of T10-T12
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hypostenics stomach is where in the body
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level of T11-L4 or 5
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at the level of T11-T12 to the right of the midline what is the part on a hyperstenic person is there
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duodenal bulb
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the duodenal bulb is at what level on a sthenic body habitus
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level L2 (L1-L2)
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on a hypostenic patient the bulb is at what level
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L3-L4
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on a hypostenic and astenic the stomach
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L3-L4 is lower and more verticle J shaped
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hyperstenic the stomach is located where
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high and transverse T11-T12
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On an UGI RAO on a asthenic pt if the bulb and c loop are not in profile then what is happening
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over rotation
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RAO UGI bulb on a hyperstenic pt is not well visialized and not in profile
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more rotation 70 degrees
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UGI 11x14 to include stomach and bulb where is the centering
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mid L3-L$ region 1 1/2 to 2 in above crest
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barium sulfate classifications
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positive radiopaque not absorbed by the body thin 1-1 thick is 3-1 suspension never disolves cant use if there may be perferation
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gastrographine,gastroview classifications
calcium carbonate crystals |
absorbed by the body negative radiolucent room air co(2) calcium or mag citrite use if perferation or pt sesitive to iodine water soluable -passes through Gi faster
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pt poss laceration in ER UGI what contrast do you use
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water soluble oral
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clenical indication for the use of water soluable contrast
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sensitivity to iodine
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location of flouro tube
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under table
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3 cardinal rules
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time distance and shielding
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most effective to reduce dose
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distance
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reduce exposure
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bucky cslot cover
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narrowing of esophagus worm like appearance or cobblestone enlarged veins
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esophageal varices
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irregular or ulcerative appearance oof mucosa -logitudinal streaking - caused by gastric jucies into esphagus
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esophageal reflux - GERD
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what can lead to esophagitis
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GERD or esophageal reflux
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stericture or narrowing of the esophagus peristalsis is reduced 2/3 of esophagus
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achalasia
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cardiospasm
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stricture or narrowing of the esphagus
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inflamation of the lining of the stomach
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gastristis
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mass of undigested material in stomach
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bezoar
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whats the risk of using water soluable contrast on old people and childern
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dehydration
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what do you tell a pt after the exam to do
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drink lots of water because the contrast used can cause an obstructiuon it is not absorbed
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if you use an insufficient tech what happens to the radiograph
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QM
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prep for BE
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cleaning of entire bowl
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UGI prep
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NPO 8 hrs before exam
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prep for esophgram
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no prep
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valsalva maneuver
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deep breath and bear down
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different proceedures demontarte esophageal reflux
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breathing exercises water test compression paddle toe touch manuver
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single contrast KV
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100-125
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double contrast KV
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80-90
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RAO between the heart and the vertebra what part will you see and what other positon demonstrates this part
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esophagus and an LPO
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if the duodenal bulb in profile what postion is it
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RAO or LPO
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body or pylorus
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PA
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stomach duodenum retrogastric space
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RT Lat
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possible hiatal hernia stomach
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AP
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RAO center asthenic air in fundus
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2in below L1 40 degree oblique lower rib margin
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RAO stenic air in fundus
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level L1 45-55 degree oblique lower rib margin
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RAO hyperstenic air in fundus
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2 in above L1 70 degree oblique lower rib margin
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PA air in fundus athenic
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2 in below L1 lower rib margin
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PA air in fundus sthenic
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level L1 in to left vert column lower rib margin
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hyperstenic PA air in fundus
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2 in above L1 lower rib margin
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RT Lat asthenic
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2 in below L1 lower rib margin
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sthenic RT Lat
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L1 level anterior mid cornel plane lower rib margin
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hyperstenic RT Lat
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2 in above L1 lower rib margin
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LPO air in the pyloric asthenic
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2 in below L1 30 degree oblique
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LPO sthenic air in pyloric
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level L1 45 degree oblique left lat margin
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LPO hypersthenic air in pyloric
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2 in above lower rib margin L1 60 degree oblique
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upper gI reveals stomach mucosa is not well visualized used 80KV 30mAs and 300ml barium sulate high screen bucky 40sid what is wrong
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kV too low 100-125 single contrast and 80-100 for double contrast
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superimposition of the pylorus and duodenal bulb what modifications need made
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angle CR 20-25 degrees to open body and pylorus cephalad
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gastric diverticulum on the posterior aspect of the fundus what view should be used
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lateral
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what demonstartes the gastric ulcers the best and what will it look like if the pt has them
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double contrast; lucent halo sign upper GI
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esophagus is superimposed over vert column whats wrong
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under rotation of body into RAOso increase rotation for correction
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fundus and body is filled with barium but bulb is filled with air and seen in profile on an UGI what position is this
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LPO recumbent
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lucent halo indicates
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ulcer
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feather appearance
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jejunum
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largest in diameter
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duodenum
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shortest
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duodenum
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makes up most of small intestine
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ileum
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smooth
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ileum
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large intestine largest diameter
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cecum
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greatest potenial for movement
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transverse
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upper most superior part of large intestine
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left colic spenic flexure
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large intestine has this that the small intestine doesnt in a radiograph
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haustra
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cobble stone or string sign
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regional enteristis or crohns disease
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when is a small bowl series complete
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when the contrast meast the ilioceccal valve
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another name for the illioccecal valve
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terminal portion
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double contrast small bowl proceedure
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enteroclysis
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injection of a nutriant or medicine liquid into a bowl
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enetroclysis
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twisting telescoping and stove pipe of intestines
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volvulus
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invagination of one part of an intestine to another
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intussusception childern
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ulerative colitis
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cobblestone appearance along mucosa stovepipe haustra absent
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apple core napkin ring lesions
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carcinoma
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if you have acute appendicitis can you use a CT
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yes
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tips for latex sensitive pt
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latex free
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insert tip in what position
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sims
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tip angled how
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toward the umbilicus
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small bowl 1/2 hr 2 in above crest so at 1 hr where is the CR
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cr at crest
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why are PA preferred over AP
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allows abdominal compression to seperate various loops of the bowl and create better visibility
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LAO/RPO demonstrates which flexure
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left colic flexure splenic
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a fistula in the rectum to the urinary bladder is best seen in the ? position
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cross table lateral
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which exam best demonstarates divertculosis
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double contrast BE
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diverticula
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numberous blind out pouching mucosa wall
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which postion best demonstartes the hapatic flexure
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RAO and LPO
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the hapatic flexure is on what side is it higher or lower than the lt colic flexure
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right and lower
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an infant with possible intussusception what kinda exam would you use
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single contrast or gas
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another term for an axial AP
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butterfly
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cant get enima tip in what do you do
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call radiologist
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in digital radiography are overheads usually taken
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nope
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when both negative and positive contrast are used it is called
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enteroclysis
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enteroclysis indicated in pt with histories
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bowel ileus regional enteritis malabsorption syndrome
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ribs coming out on both sides shows which projection
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AP
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image with air and fluid is all level
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decubitus
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air rises so if the air is in the hepatic flexure which side are they on
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left lat decub
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if all the barium is shifted to the right
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RPO or LAO
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dead person is stretch out how many feet is it
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23
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in a live person small intestine how many feet
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15-18ft
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large intestine is how many feet
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5ft
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part of the intestine that is most fixed
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duodenum flexure
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terminal ileum to the large intestine is in what quadrent
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RLQ
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Large instestine pt supine where is the air
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sigmoid and transverse
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in a prone position where is the air
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asending decending rectum
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take how many hrs for barium to reach rectum
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24hr
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