Chapter 13 Vocabulary

Front 1

Adaptive functioning

Back 1

a persons ability to carry out daily tasks that allow her to be independent

Front 2

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Back 2

a Mental disorder marked by severe problems of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

Front 3

autism spectrum disorder

Back 3

marked by 3 main sets of symptoms

1. severe impairment in social interaction

2. severe impairment in communication with others

3. bizarre behavior patterns.

Front 4

conduct disorder

Back 4

a childhood mental disorder marked by antisocial conduct in the form of aggression, property destruction, deceitfulness, theft, and serious rule violations

Front 5

cultural-familial intellectual disability

Back 5

intellectual disability linked less to physical factors and more to environmental ones, such as poor language stimulation and parents with low intelligence

Front 6

developmental disorders

Back 6

a mental disorder marked by delay in key areas of cognitive, adaptive , and academic functioning

Front 7

discrete-trial training

Back 7

a structured and repetitive method of teaching various skills to a child

Front 8

disruptive behavior disorders

Back 8

a class of childhood mental disorders that involve serious acting-out behavior problems and often include attention-deficit/hyperactivity, oppositional defiant, and conduct disorders

Front 9

Down syndrome

Back 9

a chromosomal condition often caused by an extra chromosome 21 and leads to characteristics physical features and intellectual disability

Front 10

Fragile X syndrome

Back 10

A genetic condition that involves damage to the X chromosome and that often leads to intellectual disability, especially in males.

Front 11

Gene therapy

Back 11

Insertion of genes into an individuals cells and tissues to treat a disorder

Front 12

induction defects

Back 12

problems in closure of the neural tube, proper development of the fore-brain, and completion of the corpus callosum, all of which may lead to developmental disorder

Front 13

intellectual disability

Back 13

a pervasive developmental disorder marked by below average intelligence, poor adaptive behavior, and onset before age 18 years.

Front 14

learning disorder

Back 14

a limited developmental disorder marked by academic problems in reading, spelling, writing, arithmetic, or some other important area.

Front 15

limited develpmental disorders

Back 15

a developmental disorder in which one area but no many areas of functioning are affected.

Front 16

migration defects

Back 16

problems in cell growth and distribution in the second to fifth month of pregnancy, which can lead to underdeveloped brian areas and developmental disorder

Front 17

multisystemic treatment

Back 17

an intensive family and community-based treatment program designed to address conduct-related problems in children

Front 18

oppositional defiant disorder

Back 18

a child-hood mental disorder marked by hostile and negative behavior that includes noncompliance, argumentativeness, anger, spitefulness, and annoyance of others.

Front 19

pervasive developmental disorder

Back 19

a developmental disorder in which many areas of functioning are affected.

Front 20

phenylketonuria (PKU)

Back 20

an autosomal recessive disorder that leads to buildup of phenylalanine and possible intellectual disability.

Front 21

sickle cell disease

Back 21

a genetic condition that leads to damaged red blood cells, poor oxygenation of cells, and potential intellectual disability.

Front 22

Tay-Sachs disease

Back 22

A genetic condition leading to severe motor and sensory disabilities as well as intellectual disability and early death.

Front 23

teratogens

Back 23

a potentially harmful agent that affects fetuses during the prenatal stage and which may lead to developmental disorders.