Chapter 13 Sport Psych

Front 1

Question 4: Briefly describe twocauses of self-control problems that involve behavioural excesses.

Back 1

- For many undesirable behavioural excesses, the immediate reinforcement of the problem wins out over the unnoticeable negative effects that are only cumulatively significant.

- The negative effects of the excess are too small to be noticed immediately,

Front 2

Question 6: List six steps thatcharacterize many programs of self-management in a variety of areas.

Back 2

- Set goals for quantity, quality, and game simulations

- Increase the athlete’s commitment to change

- Design monitoring sheets for key behaviours

- Manage antecedents to motivate quality practices

- Manage consequences to motivate quality practices

- Prevent relapse and make it last

Front 3

Question 7: Give an example of a quantity goal for a practice of a sport that is not in this chapter.

Back 3

- For a soccer player, setting a goal of successfully completing 85% of passes in a scrimmage.

Front 4

Question 9: With behaviouralself-management, what is meant by “commitment to change?

Back 4

- Commitment to change refers to statements or actions by an athlete which imply that

1) it is important to improve in a specific area

2) that he/she will work toward doing so

3) that he/she recognizes the benefits of doing so.

Front 5

Question 12: Using an example that isnot in this chapter, describe how an athlete might improve practice performanceby rearranging the immediate surroundings.

Back 5

- A soccer player who shines under pressure might play an audio tape of a crowd cheering to motivate the player to impress them, improving his practice performance.

Front 6

Question 13: In a sentence or twoeach, describe three ways of manipulating consequences in self-control programsto motivate quality practices.

Back 6

3 ways of manipulating consequences in self-control programs include:

1) Eliminate reinforcers that may be maintaining problem behaviour that interferes with desired practice behaviour.

2) Self-recording and charting the target behaviour.

3) Arranging for specific reinforcers to be earned by the athlete for showing improvement, or even just for sticking to the practice plan.

Front 7

Question 16: Describe two possiblecauses of relapse (in self-management programs) in situations, and indicate howeach might be handled.

Back 7

Failure to anticipate setback situations. It can be handled by avoiding setback situations until after some success with the self-management program has been achieved, resulting in the athlete being able to cope with situations that provide strong cues for the problem behaviours. Counterproductive self-talk. It can be handled by recognizing counterproductive self-talk and replacing it with other self-talk and/or other behaviours.

Front 8

Question 17: Describe two possiblecauses of relapse (in self-management programs) in specification of the response, and indicate how each might be handled.

Back 8

1) Response component of the self-management program is too vague. It can be handled by phrasing the target behaviour in a way that it can be easily recognized when it occurs. Exachanging goal from “improve in golf” to “make four 3-foot putts in a row” which still results in improving in golf however is it more easily assessed.

2) Long term goals have not been translated into specific short-term goals. It can be handled by providing specific checks along the way to your long term goal by making daily and/or weekly short-term goals. The short-term goals are realistic, precisely stated, and move the athlete in the direction of the long-term goal.

Front 9

Describe a possible cause of relapse (in self-management programs) in consequences, and indicate how it might be handled:

Back 9

Cause: of relapse would be due to the extra work of recording, graphing, and rearranging the environment, along with the increase in practice activities that self-management produced can become burdensome or too much for some.

Prevention:One way to prevent such relapse, is to link the self-management program to everyday activities that are rewarding.