Chapter 13 Psychology

Front 1

Therapy

Back 1

A general term for any treatment process; in psychology and psychiatry, therapy refers to a variety of psychological and biomedical techniques aimed at dealing with mental disorders or coping with problems of living.

Front 2

Psychological therapies

Back 2

Therapies based on psychological principles (rather than on the biomedical approach); often called "psychotherapy."

Front 3

Biomedical therapies

Back 3

Treatments that focus of altering the brain, especially with drugs, psychosurgery, or electroconvulsive therapy.

Front 4

Insight therapies

Back 4

Psychotherapies in which the therapist helps patients/clients understand their problems.

Front 5

Talk therapies

Back 5

Psychotherapies that focus on communicating and verbalizing emotions and motives to understand their problems.

Front 6

Psychoanalysis

Back 6

The form of psychodynamic therapy developed by Sigmund Freud. The goal of psychoanalysis is to release conflicts and memories from the unconscious.

Front 7

Analysis of tranference

Back 7

The Freudian technique of analyzing and interpreting the patient's relationship with the therapist, based on the assumption that this relationship mirrors unresolved conflicts in the patient's past.

Front 8

Neo-Freudian psychodynamic therpaies

Back 8

Therapies for mental disorders that were developed by psychodynamic theorists who embraced some of Freud's ideas but disagreed with others.

Front 9

Humanistic therapies

Back 9

Treatment techniques based on the assumption that people have a tendency for positive growth and self-actualization, which may be blocked by an unhealthy environment that can include negative self-evaluation and criticism from others.

Front 10

Client-centered therapy

Back 10

A humanistic approach to treatment developed by Carl Rodgers, emphasizing an individual's tendency for healthy psychological growth through self-actualization.

Front 11

Reflection of feeling

Back 11

Carl Rodgers's technique of paraphrasing the clients' words, attempting to capture the emotional tone expressed.

Front 12

Cognitive therapy

Back 12

Emphasizes ration thinking (as opposed to subjective emotion, motivation, or repressed conflicts) as the key to treating mental disorder.

Front 13

Group therapy

Back 13

Any form of psychotherapy done with more than one client/patient at a time. Group therapy is often done from a humanistic perspective.

Front 14

Behavior modification

Back 14

Another term for behavior therapy.

Front 15

Behavior therapy

Back 15

Any form of psychotherapy based on the principles of behavioral learning, especially operant conditioning and classical conditioning.

Front 16

Systematic desensitization

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A behavioral therapy technique in which anxiety is extinguished by exposing the patient to an anxiety-provoking stimulus.

Front 17

Exposure therapy

Back 17

A form of desensitization therapy in which the patient directly confronts the anxiety-provoking stimulus (as opposed to imagining the stimulus).

Front 18

Aversion therapy

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As a classical conditioning procedure, aversive counter-conditioning involved presenting individuals with an attractive stimulus paired with unpleasant (average) stimulation in order to condition revulsion.

Front 19

Contingency management

Back 19

An operant conditioning approach to changing behavior by altering the consequences, especially rewards and punishments, or behavior.

Front 20

Token economy

Back 20

An operant technique applies to groups, such as classrooms or mental hospital wards, involving the distribution of "tokens" or other indicators of reinforcement contingent on desired behaviors. The tokens can later be exchanged for privileges, food, or other reinforcers.

Front 21

Participant modeling

Back 21

A social-learning technique in which a therapist demonstrated and encourages a client to imitate a desired behavior.

Front 22

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Back 22

A newer form of psychotherapy that combines the techniques of cognitive therapy with those of behavior therapy.

Front 23

Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

Back 23

Albert Ellis's brand of cognitive therapy, based on the idea that irrational thoughts and behaviors are the cause of mental disorders.

Front 24

Active listener

Back 24

A person who gives the speaker feedback in such forms as nodding, paraphrasing, maintaining and expression that shows interest, and asking questions for clarification.

Front 25

Pyschopharmacology

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The prescribed use of drugs to help treat symptoms of mental illness ostensibly to ensure that individuals are more receptive to talk therapies.

Front 26

Antipsychotic drugs

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Medicines that diminish psychotic symptoms, usually by their effect on the dopamine pathways in the brain.

Front 27

Tardive dyskinesia

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An incurable disorder of motor control, especially involving muscles of the face and head, resulting from long-term use of antipsychotic drugs.

Front 28

Antidepressant drugs

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Medicines that affect depression, usually by their effect on the serotonin and/or norepinephrine pathways in the brain.

Front 29

Lithium carbonate

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A simple chemical compound that is highly effective in dampening the extreme mood swims of bipolar disorder.

Front 30

Antianxiety drugs

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A category of drugs that includes the barbiturates and benzodiazepines, drugs that diminish feelings of anxiety.

Front 31

Stimulants

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Drugs that normally increase activity level by encouraging communication amoung neurons in the brain. Stimulants, however, have been found to suppress activity level in persons with ADD/ADHD.

Front 32

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

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A common problem in children who have difficulty controlling their behavior and focusing their attention.

Front 33

Psychosurgery

Back 33

The general term for surgical intervention in the brain the treat psychological disorders.

Front 34

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Back 34

A treatment used primarily for depression and involving the application of an electric current to the head, producing a generalized seizure. Sometimes called "shock treatment."

Front 35

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

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A treatment that involved magnetic stimulation of specific regions of the brain. Unlike ECT, TMS does not produce a seizure.

Front 36

Therapeutic community

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Jones's term for a program of treating mental disorders by making the institutional environment supportive and humane for patients.

Front 37

Deinstitutionalization

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The policy of removing patients, whenever possible, from mental hospitals.

Front 38

Community mental health movement

Back 38

An effort to deinstitutionalize mental patients and to provide therapy from outpatient clinics. Proponents of community mental health envisioned that recovering patients could live with their families, in foster homes, or in group homes.