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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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*Components of the Brain
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-Cerebral Hemispheres
-Diencephalon(thalamus & hypothalamus) -Brainstem(midbrain, pons, & medulla) -Cerebellum |
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*What are the two parts of the diencephalon?
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thalamus
hypothalamus |
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*What are the three parts of the brainstem?
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-midbrain
-pons -medula oblongata |
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What are ventricles?
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fluid-filled spaces in the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord
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How many ventricles are in the brain and what are they lined with?
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There are 4 ventricles lined with ependymal cells
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Name the ventricles in the brain.
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R + L lateral ventricles
3rd ventricle 4th ventricle |
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What is cerebrosinal fluid?
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clear fluid, similar to plasma, secreted into the ventricles from blood passing thru a network of capillaries called the choroid plexuses
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What does CSF provide?
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mechanical protection, chemical protection, and circulation
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What is gray matter?
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unmyelinated nerve cell bodies
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What is the basic pattern of the cerebrum and cerebellum?
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They have an outer layer of gray matter with myelinated white matter on the inside.
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What is the basic pattern of the diencephalon and brainstem?
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They have masses of gray matter organized into nuclei interspersed with tracts of white matter.
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What is the basic pattern of the spinal cord?
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The central canal is surrounded by gray matter and the white matter is on the outside.
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What is white matter?
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It is myelinated nerve tracts.
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What percentage of brain mass is the cerbral hemispheres?
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It composes 83% of total brain mass.
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Each hemisphere is divided into _____ lobes.
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5
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*What are the 5 lobes that the hemisphers are divided into?
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frontal
parietal temporal occipital lobes insula |
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The surface features of the cerebral hemispheres include ridges called ______ and shallow grooves called ______.
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gyri (gyrus for singular); sulci (sulcus for singular)
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What is the longitudinal fissure?
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It is a deep groove that separates the left and right hemispheres.
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What is the central sulcus?
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It separates the frontal and parietal lobes in the cerebral hemisphere.
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What is the lateral sulcus?
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It separates the frontal and temporal lobes in the cerebral hemisphere.
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What is the cortex?
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It is a seat of conscious awareness.
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The ________ enables us to be aware of sensations, to intiate voluntary movements and to communicate.
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cortex
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What are the 3 types of functional areas in the cortex?
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motor areas
sensory areas association areas |
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Each hemisphere controls muscles and receives sensations from the _________ side of the body.
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opposite
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The motor areas are located in the __________ part of the frontal lobe.
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posterior
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What is the primary motor cortex?
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It allows conscious control of skeletal muscles.
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Where is the primary motor cortex located?
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on the precentral gyrus
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In the primary motor cortex, the neurons are called __________ and their axons are called ___________.
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pyramidal cells; pyramidal tracts
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What is the premotor cortes?
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It is the memory bank for skilled activites like playing piano or typing.
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As we learn a new skill, we program the ___________ to send impulses in the proper sequence to the _________.
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premotor cortex;
primary motor cortex |
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What is Broca's area?
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It is the motor speech area
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___________ controls the muscles used in speech.
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Broca's area
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Damage to Broca's area, such as a stroke, will cause __________ also called ___________.
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expressive aphasia;
Broca's aphasia |
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What is aphasia?
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an inability to use or comprehend words
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What is expressive aphasia?
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an inability to properly articulate and vocalize thoughts
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_____________ is an inability to comprehend spoken and/or written words.
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receptive
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_____________ is an inability to comprehend spoken and/or written words.
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receptive
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*Sensory areas are located on the __________,___________, and ___________ lobes.
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parietal; temporal; occiptal
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*The __________________ is located on the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobes.
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primary somatosensory cortex
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The neurons receive information from touch, pain, and temperature receptors in the skin and from __________ in skeletal muscles.
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proprioceptors
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*Wernicke's area is located in the ______________ and ________________.
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posterior temporal;
inferior parietal lobes |
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*What does Wernicke's area do?
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It interprets the meaning of speech by recognizing spoken words.
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*Damage to Wernicke's area results in __________ aphasia.
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receptive
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*In 90% of people, the speech areas are in the _______ hemishphere because the _____hemisphere is dominant.
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left; left
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