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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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true pathogens
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capable of causing disease in healthy persons with normal immune defenses
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opportunistic pathogens
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cause disease only
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virulence factor
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factors of microbe to cause disease
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portal of entry
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the route a pathogen takes to enter a host
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incubation period |
time-initial contact to first sympotoms
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prodromal stage
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vague feelings of discomfort
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period of invasion
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multiplies at high levels; more specific signs and symptoms
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convalescent period
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responding to the infection, symptoms decline
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acute infection
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comes on rapidly, with severe but short lived effects
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chronic infections
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progress and persist over a long period of time
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septicemia
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microbes multiplying in blod
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bacteremia
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small numbers of bacteria present in blood not necassarily multiplying
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viremia
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small number of viruses present not necessarily multiplying
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asymptomatic infections
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infected, but host shows few signs of disease
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latency
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the microbe hides
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chronic carrier
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person with a latent infection who sheds microbes
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reservoir
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primary habitat of pathogens in the natural world
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source
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individual or object from which an infection is actually acquired
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zoonosis
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animals are reservoirs.naturally transmissible to humans
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direct transmission
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through the bite, saliva, scratch, etc of the infected animal
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vector transmission
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ex: lyme, malaria, sleeping sickness
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vector
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a live animal that transmits from one host to another
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biological vectors
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actively participates in a pathogens life cycle
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mechanical vector
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transports microbe without being infected
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vehicle
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transmission by an inanimate reservoir
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communicable desease
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infected host can transmit to another host
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direct contact
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physical contact or fine aerosol droplets
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indirect contact |
passes from infected host to intermediate conveyor and then to another host
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nosocomial infection
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hospital acquired infection
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universal precautions
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stringent measures to prevent the spread of nosocomial infections
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Epidemiology
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the study of the frequency and distribution of disease
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epidemic
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when prevalence of a disease is increasing beyond what is expected
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pandemic
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epidemic across continents
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Endemic
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steady frequency over a long period of time in a particular geographic are
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Sporadic
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occasional cases at irregular intervals
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