Chapter 13 Lecture Notes

Front 1

A critical aspect of social and emotional development is the acquistion of ...

Back 1

moral values, intentions, and behaviors

Front 2

Define 'morality'

Back 2

A set or principles or values that help individuals distinguish right from wrong.

Front 3

Older children have a better understanding of ______ and ______

Back 3

fairness and justice

Front 4

The cognitive developmental approach holds people to gradually develop their own moral codes.
True or False

Back 4

True

Front 5

Piaget and Kohlberg both describe moral growth as progressing from internally imposed rules to more flexible internal judgments that take circumstances into account.
True or False

Back 5

False; externally imposed rules

Front 6

How many stages are under Piaget's theory of moral development?

Back 6

3 stages

Front 7

When preschoolers play a game, the point is to have fun. Piaget labels this as:

Back 7

Premoral stage

Front 8

Define 'premoral stage'

Back 8

Young children do not yet understand cooperative rules and goals associated with playing a game.

Front 9

What is Piaget's first stage of moral reasoning?

Back 9

Adherence to rules-obedience to authority (ages 2-7)

Front 10

Define 'moral realism'

Back 10

Judgments about morality are based on conforming to established rules set by powerful adults.

Front 11

What is Piaget's second stage that corresponds with concrete operations?

Back 11

Intentionality (ages 7-11) Children do not take intentions into account. Increasing flexibility and some degree of autonomy based on mutual respect and cooperation

Front 12

What is Piaget's third stage of moral development?

Back 12

Children are capable of formal operations. Associated with punishments. (ages 11-12) Children code their own set of rules

Front 13

How many stages does Kohlberg's theory of moral development have?

Back 13

6 stages

Front 14

Define 'Stage 1: Punishment-Obedience Orientation'

Back 14

children act under external controls and obey rules to avoid punishment. Their reasoning reflects the belief that goodness/badness comes with consequences.
"Louise should tell her mother about Judy's lie because if she doesn't, Louise is a liar."

Front 15

Define 'Stage 2: Instrumental-Purpose Orientation'

Back 15

Morality is based on one's own needs or interests.
"Louise should keep quiet because if she does, then Judy may keep quiet for Louise in the future."

Front 16

Name the first broad level of moral development.

Back 16

Preconventional Morality

Front 17

Name the second broad level of moral development.

Back 17

Conventional Morality

Front 18

Name the third broad level of moral development.

Back 18

Postconventional Morality

Front 19

At the conventional level, children strive to win praise and recognition for good conduct and maintaining social order.
True or False.

Back 19

True

Front 20

Define 'Interpersonal Orientation'

Back 20

Maintaining mutual relations, approval of others, the golden rule, "Am I a good boy or girl?"

Front 21

What is the main concern for children in the third stage?

Back 21

Doing what is right pleases other people.

Front 22

Social-Order Maintenance Orientation; being aware of social concern and conscience "What if everybody did it?" is which stage?

Back 22

Fourth Stage
"Louise should not tell her mother because her mom promised Judy that she could use the money to go to the concert and her mom should keep her word. A promise should be sacred."

Front 23

Social Contract Orientation: Morality of contract of individual rights, and of democratically accepted law.

Back 23

Stage 5; moral actions are defined as those that reflect the will of the majority.
"Before you can say that Louise should tell her mother, you've got to consider the whole situation. Louise should respect her mother's point of view, but parents' expectations and rules should not violate what one believes to be right."

Front 24

Universal-Ethical Principle Orientation- morality of universal ethical principles. At this stage right and wrong are based on self-chosen ethical principles.

Back 24

Stage 6
"One must always do what he or she thinks is right. If that means disobeying your parents, then so be it. Louise ought to do what she thinks a just person would do in this case, not do it just because of emotion or obligation."