Chapter 13 - International Land And Multi-Modal Transportation

Front 1

Truck Transportation

Back 1

In many parts of the world, trucking is a vital way of shipping internationally.

In some areas of the world, it represents 100 percent of the international traffic.

In others, it is a lower percentage, but trucking is still a significant part of the international traffic volume.

Front 2

Truck transportation issues

Back 2

The critical issues for a shipper using truck transportation are the many different national rules and regulations that govern truck transportation. These rules influence:

The weight that can be placed in the truck
The hours that the truck can operate
The size of the equipment that can be used
The number of hours a driver may work
The training that a driver must have

These differences make for very different trucking practices from country to country.

Front 3

Importantly, though, __________ is almost always the mode of transportation for the “last mile” of a shipment’s itinerary.

Back 3

Trucking

Front 4

________ trucks are limited in their overall length. The tractor is compact to allow for the maximum trailer size.

Back 4

European

Front 5

____________ trucks are limited by the size of the trailer, with no constraints on the size of the tractor.

Back 5

North American

Front 6

__________ trucks have fewer limitations on the number of trailers, leading to the concept of “road-trains.”

Back 6

Australian

Front 7

_________ truck trailers are frequently carried over long distances by “piggy-back” trains.

Back 7

North American

Front 8

_________ regulations do not allow international trucks to cross the country. They are transported by piggy-back trains from one border to the other.

Back 8

In Switzerland,

Front 9

In many _______________, the maximum weight capacities of trucks are routinely exceeded.

Back 9

Developing Countries,

Front 10

How is rail transportation important for international shipments?

Back 10

Rail transportation is also an important mode of transportation for international shipments, although it is mostly a domestic mode for the United States.

Nevertheless, a significant amount of cargo moves by rail in the U.S. In 2007, more than 40 percent of all ton-miles shipped long-distance in the U.S. was shipped by rail.

Rail transport has an approximate 18 percent market share for international cargo movements in the European Union.

Front 11

What are the 3 issues that dominate rail transportation?

Back 11

1.The ownership of the railroad, which can be private (the United States) or public (most of the remainder of the world).

2.The infrastructure, such as issues of gauge (width of the tracks), electrification, curves, maintenance, and so on, which dictates the types of goods shipped and the speed at which they are delivered.

3.The relationship between passenger traffic and merchandise traffic, and which has priority over the other. In the U.S., merchandise traffic has priority, in many other countries, it’s passenger traffic that has priority.

Front 12

How was general merchandise traditionally transported?

Back 12

Boxcars

Front 13

What were traditional railroad cars designed for?

Back 13

A specific type of merchandise, but containerization is changing that aspect of rail transport.

Front 14

What type of cargo does North American railroads carry and in what configuration?

Back 14

1. containerized cargo
2. “double-stack” configuration.

Front 15

How many containers can European railroad can carry at a time and why?

Back 15

Only 1 container per railcar because of the overhead catenaries.

Front 16

What is intermodal transportation?

Back 16

A shipment that takes more than one mean of transportation from its departure to its point of destination, using only one bill of lading, is said to be intermodal or multimodal.

Another term used for the same concept is co-modality.

Front 17

What is intermodal transportation strongly linked to?

Back 17

The creation of the container, which is ideally suited to be shipped by truck, train, or ship, and can be easily transferred from one mode of transportation to another.

Front 18

Whats the most common container?

Back 18

The 40-foot container, designed to hold goods loaded through its two doors.

Front 19

In what type of container can Oversize goods be shipped in?

Back 19

Extended-length container (45-foot long in this case).

Front 20

Goods that need a controlled-temperature environment are shipped in __________________

Back 20

refrigerated containers, or “reefers.”

Front 21

How are goods that cannot fit through the doors of a traditional container shipped?

Back 21

In an “open-top” container, that is eventually covered with a tarpaulin.

Front 22

___________ goods travel in liquid-bulk containers

Back 22

Liquid bulk

Front 23

_________ is shipped on a “flat rack” container.

Back 23

Oversize cargo

Front 24

Containers are held by _________ onto the deck of a ship.

Back 24

lash bars

Front 25

Containers are also held by ________ onto a ship’s deck or a truck’s chassis.

Back 25

twist locks

Front 26

________ containers are less standardized and
are not meant to be used in intermodal transport.

Back 26

Air Cargo

Front 27

__________ transfers containers from trucks to trains, or vice-versa.

Back 27

An intermodal yard

Front 28

Land Bridge

Back 28

New transportation model for containers, more cost efficient.

Front 29

What do Freight Forwarders arrange?

Back 29

All aspects of transportation and paperwork for a shipper, from following the exporting country’s requirements to clearing Customs in the importing country.

Front 30

What is project Cargo?

Back 30

A type of cargo that requires more advance planning because of its size, weight, or volume.

Because of their length and unusual shape, wind turbine blades are “project cargo,” necessitating careful transportation planning.

Front 31

What do pipelines transport?

Back 31

Liquid cargo (petroleum oil, refined oil products, water), and gasses (generally natural gas), as well as coal, in the form of slurry, a mix of powdered coal and water.

They are critical to the international transport of energy products.

Front 32

What is a barge and what do they carry?

Back 32

Also known as flat-bottomed boats, are designed to carry cargo on rivers and canals. Some are self-propelled and others are designed to be pushed or pulled.

They carry mostly bulk cargo (grain, coal, minerals) in the United States. In Europe and China, they also carry containers, automobiles, and other general cargo.

Front 33

How are Barges moved in the US?

Back 33

They are moved in groups, pushed by a tugboat.

Front 34

How are barges moved in Europe?

Back 34

They are self propelled.