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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Secretes substances into the internal environment.
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Endocrine System
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Internal Secretion
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Endocrine
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Endocrine System Secretions
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Paracrine
Autocrine |
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Type of endocrine secretion in which the hormone affects nearby cells
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Paracrine
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Hormone that acts only on the same cell that secreted it.
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Autocrine
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Release Hormones
Hormones travel through blood to target cells |
Endocrine Glands
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Major Endocrine Glands
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Pituitary Gland / Pineal Gland / Parathyroid Gland / Thyroid Gland / Thymus / Adrenal Gland / Pancreas / Kidney / Ovary / Testis / Hypothalamus
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Steroid Hormones
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Sex Hormones
Adrenal Cortex Hormones |
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NonSteroid Hormones
* Most Hormones |
Amines / Proteins / Peptides / Glycoproteins
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Actions of Steroid Hormones
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-Hormone crosses cell membrane (diffuse easily)
-Hormone combines w/receptor in nucleus -Synthesis of mRNA activated -mRNA enters cytoplasm to direct synthesis of protein -Newly synthesized proteins produce hromones specific effects. |
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Actions of Non-Steriod Hormones
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-Hormone binds to receptor on cell membrane
-Adenylate cyclase activated -ATP converted to cAMP -cAMP promotes a series of reations leading to cellular changes |
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Paracrine Substance (secretions that affect only neighboring cells)
Act Locally Very potent in small amounts Regulate cellular responses to hormones |
Prostoglandins
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Endocrine system is controlled w/ negative feedback in three ways
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- Hypothalamus
- Nervous System - Glands |
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Two distinct portions of the Pituitary Gland.
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Adenohypophysis (anterior lobe)
Neurohypophysis (poster lobe) |
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Glands closely associated with the kidneys.
Sits atop each kidney like a cap |
Adrenal Glands
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Central portion of the Adrenal Gland
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Adrenal Medulla
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Outer portion of the Adrenal Gland
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Adrenal Cortex
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Adrenal Madulla produces, stores and secretes
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Epinephrine
Norepinephrine |
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Adrenal Cortex secretes
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Aldosterone
Cortisol Adrenal Andgrogens |
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Helps Regulate the concentration of extracellular electrolytes by conserving sodium ions and secreting potassium ions.
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Aldosterone
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A protein that stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose and to convert carbohydrates such as amino acids into glucose
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Glucagon
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Gluconeogenesis
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Converting carbohydrates, such as amino acids into glucose
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Protein
Main effect is opposite of glucogon. Stimulates the liver to form glycogen from glucose and inhibits conversion of noncarbohydrates into glucose. |
Insulin
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Hormone that has an endocrine gland as its target tissue
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Tropic Hormone
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When body reverses an original stimulus to regain physiologic balance (Homeostatis)
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Negative Feedback
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The endocrine system secretes
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Hormones
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Steroid hormones are
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Lipids
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The part of the brain closely related to the endocrine system
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hypothalamus
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The hormone that responds to low blood sugar by stimulating the liver to convert glycogen to glucose
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Glucoagon
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A person experiencing emotional stress is (more / less) likey to develop an infection than an individual w/ lower stress level
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More
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