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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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thyroidectomy
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surgical removal of the thyroid
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lobectomy
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surgical removal of a lobe of an organ - generally the lobe of the thyroid gland
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adenectomy
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surgical removal of a gland
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thyroxine (T4) test
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evaluates thyroid function by determining the amount of thyroxine present in a blood sample
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thyroid-stimulating hormone assay
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evaluate thyroid function by measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in the blood
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radioimmunoassay
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measures hormone levels in the blood by monitoring their ability to interfere with the binding of radioactive hormones to antibody molecules
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radioactive iodine uptake test
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monitor the ability of hte thyroid ot take up iodine from the blood - RAIU - levels of radioactivity are measured in the thyroid following administration of radioactive iodine
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glucose tolerance test
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used to screen for diabetes mellitus - blood sugar levels are monitored in a patient who has ingested a known amount of glucose after a 12-hour fast.
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thyroiditis
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inflammation of the thyroid gland due to any of several causes
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ketoacidosis
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acidification of the blood and urine due to improper metabolism of fats - mainly in patients with diabetes mellitus
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hypothyroidism
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underactivity fo the thyroid gland
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hyperthyroidism
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overactivity of the thyroid gland
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hyperparathyroidism
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overproduction of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid gland - usually resulting in elevated calcium levels in the blood
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hyperglycemia
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abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood
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Graves' disease
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hyperthyroidism characterized by goiter and exophthalmos - autoimmune reaction ot thyroid tissue
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endemic goiter
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enlargement of the thyroid (goiter)occuring as a result of dietary iodine deficiency
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diabetes mellitus
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disorder of carbohydrate metabolism in which decreased prodcution of or responsiveness to insulin results in high levels of glucose in the blood
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Cushing's disease
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dysfunction of the anterior pituitary or adrenal glands leads to overproduction of glucocorticoids by the adrenal glands
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Addison's disease
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decreased production of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids by the adrenal glands leads to weakness, fatigue, weight loss, and increased pigmentation of the skin
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acromegaly
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enlargement of bones in the extremities and head due to overproduction of growth hormone after puberty
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thymus
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located between the lungs in infants and young children - produces thymnosin which plays a role in development of the immune response in newborns
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melatonin
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hormone which influences the maturation of sexual organs during puberty and may play a role in regulation of circadian rhythms
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pineal gland
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small pine shaped gland located behind the thalamus
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insulin
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hormone which acts to clear sugar molecules from the blood by promoting their storage in the tissues as carbohydrates when blood glucose levels are high
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glucagon
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hormone which stimulatese the release of sugar from storage sites in the liver when blood glucose levels are low
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pancreatic islet cells
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mediates endocrine functions of the pancreas
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isles of Langerhans
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location of the pancreatic islet cells in the pancreas
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pancreas
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elongated organ located below the stomach - exocrine and endocrine organ - produces digestive juices that breakdown of proteins, starches, and fats in the small intestines
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epinephrine
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adrenaline - hormone which acts in conjunction with the sympathetic nervous system to stimulate fight or flight - produced by adrenal medulla
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cortisol
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hormone produced by adrenal cortex that regulates metabolism of complex molecules like carbohydrates and proteins
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aldosterone
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hormone from the adrenal cortex that regulates water balance and mineral levels
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androgen
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hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that serve as precurosors for the sex hormones
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glucocorticoids
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hormones from the adrenal cortex that regulates metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins
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mineralocorticoids
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hormones from the adrenal cortex that regulates water and mineral levels
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adrenal glands
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triangle organs on top of the kidneys - consists of adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
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adrenal cortex
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produces hormones for metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins, water and mineral balance and precursors for sex hormones
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adrenal medulla
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produces hormones for fight or flight, diameter fo vessels, stimulates blood flow
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parathyroid hormone
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PTH - acts in conjunction with calcitonin to regulate calcium and phosphate levels in the blood
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parathyroid glands
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two pairs of organs located on the undersides of the thyroid gland - regulates calcium and phosphate levels
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thyroid gland
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H shaped in front of the throat - regulates overall state of cellular metabolism in the body adn plays a role in regulating calcium levels in the blood
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triiodothyronine (T3)
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increases rate of cellular metabolism
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thyroxine (T4)
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increases rate of cellular metabolism after being converted to T3 in the tissues
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calcitonin
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acts in conjunction with parathyroid hormone to regulate calcium levels in the blood
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pituitary gland
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pea shaped hanging from the base of the brain - attached to the hypothalamus - master gland - regulates function of other endocrine structures
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thyroid-stimulating hormone
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regulates activity of the thyroid - from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
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anti-diuretic hormone
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from the posterior lobe of the pituitary regulates urinary output and plays a role in blood pressure regulation
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trophic
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nourishment or growth (regulate growth or development)
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tropic
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changing - acting upon (regulate rate or intensity)
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exocrine glands
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secrete chemical substances onto the surface of the body or into specific organs
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endocrine glands
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secrete chemicals (hormones) directly into the bloodstream
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hormone
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chemical substance synthesized by one organ or tissue and carried to another tissue
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glandular
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structures of the endocrine system
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aden/o
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gland
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endo
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inward
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hormon/o
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hormone
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pituit/o
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pituitary
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hypophys/o
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pituitary
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adenopathy
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any gland disease
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hormonal
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pertaining to a hormone
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adren/o
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adrenal glands
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adrenopathy
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any disease fo the adrenal glands
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pancreat/o
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pancreas
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pancreatitis
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inflammation of the pancreas
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parathyroid/o
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parathyroid glands
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parathyroidoma
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tumor of the parathyroid glands
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pineal/o
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pineal gland
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pinealism
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condition of abnormal pineal activity
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pituit/o
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pituitary
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pituitectomy
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surgical removal of the pituitary
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thym/o
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thymus
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thymitis
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inflammation of the thymus
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thry/o
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thyroid
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thyromegaly
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enlargement of the thyroid
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thyroid/o
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thyroid
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hyperthryroidism
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overactivity of the thyroid
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endocrine system
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controls and integrates growth, reproduction, cellular metabolism, and blood levels of many nutrients
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DM
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diabetes mellitus
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NIDDM
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non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
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T3
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triiodothyronine
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BMR
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basal metabolic rate
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w/o
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without
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y/o
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years old
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T4
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thyroxine
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FBS
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fasting blood sugar
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GH
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growth hormone
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TSH
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thyroid stimulating hormone
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wt
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weight
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GTT
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glucose tolerance test
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ADH
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anti-diuretic hormone
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insulinoma
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tumor in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas
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aldosteronism
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blood contains high levels of aldosterone
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