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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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annual authorization |
monies that are budgeted on a yearly basis; for example Congress may set yearly limits on what agencies may spend. |
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appropriation |
a legislative grant of money to finance a government program authorization |
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authorization legislation |
legislative permission to begin or continue a government program or agency |
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bureaucracy |
a large, complex organization composed of appointed officials. |
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cabinet |
an advisory group selected by the president to aid in making decisions. the cabinet includes the heads of 15 executive departments and others named by the president. |
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discretionary authority |
the extent to which appointed bureaucrats can choose courses of action and make policies that are not spelled out in advance by laws. |
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duplication |
the act of copying or making a duplicate (or duplicates) of something. |
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Freedom of Information Act (1966) |
citizens have the right to inspect all government records except those containing military, intelligence, or trade secrets revealing private personnel actions. |
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Hatch Act (1939) |
a congressional law that forbade government officials from participating in partisan politics and protected government employees from being fired on partisan grounds; it was revised in 1993 to be less restrictive. |
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imperialism |
the practice of one nation-state taking control of nations and territory of other countries |
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iron triangle |
a close relationship between an agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group that often becomes a mutually advantageous alliance |
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issue network |
a network of people in Washington-based interest groups, on congressional staffs, in universities and think tanks, and in the mass media who regularly discuss and advocate public policies--say, health care or auto safety. such networks are split along political, ideological, and economic lines. |
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oversight |
a supervisory activity of congress that centers on its constitutional responsibility to see that the executive branch carries out the laws faithfully and spends appropriations properly. |
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patronage |
granting powers or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support. |
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Pendleton Act |
the extent to which appointed bureaucrats can choose courses of action and make policies that are not spelled out in advance by laws. |
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red tape |
complex bureaucratic rules and procedures that must be followed to get something done. |
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Secretary (of Department) |
a government official in charge of a department. |
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trust fund |
funds for government programs that are collected and spent outside the regular government budget, the amounts determined by preexisting law rather than by annual appropriations. the social security trust fund is the largest of these. |
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waste |
a bureaucratic pathology in which an agency spends more than is necessary to buy some product or service. |
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Whistleblower Protection Act (1989) |
a law passed which created an Office of Special Counsel to investigate complaints from bureaucrats claiming they were punished after reporting to Congress about waste, fraud, or abuse in their agencies. |
