Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
list the five general classes of blood vessels
|
arteries
arterioles capillaries venules veins |
|
a cross section of tissue shows several small, thin walled vessels with very little smooth muscle tissue int he tunica media. which type of vessels are these.
|
veins.
|
|
what effect would relaxation of precapillary sphincters have on blood flow through a tissue.
|
increase blood flow to a tissue
|
|
why are valves found in veins, but not in arteries?
|
the very low blood pressure in the venous circulation makes the movement of blood against the pull of gravity difficult, blood flow within peripheral veins depends on the contractions of skeletal muscle to propel the blood, and on valves to prevent blood from backing up.
|
|
identify the factors that contribute to total peripheral resistance
|
vascular resistance
vessel length vessel diameter blood viscosity turbulence |
|
in a healthy individual, where is blood pressure greater: at the aorta or at the inferior vena cava. explain
|
greater at aorta. because its moving from greater pressure to lower pressure.
|
|
while standing in the hot sun, sally begins to feel light headed and then faints. explain what happened.
|
when a person stands for a long time, blood pools in the lower extremities, decreasing venous return to the heart. the resulting decline in cardiac output reduces blood flow to the brain, causing light- headedness and fainting. a hot day also adds: the loss of body water through sweating reduces blood volume (venous return)
|
|
describe the actions of vasodilators and vasoconstrictors
|
vasodilators: increase blood flow locally by promoting dilation of precapillary sphincters.
vasoconstrictors: decrease local blood flow by constricting precapillary sphincters |
|
how would slightly compressing the common carotid artery affect your heart rate
|
elevate heart rate. compression decreases blood pressure at teh carotid sinus, which stimulates the cardioacceleratory center to increase sympathetic stimulation, which increases the heart rate.
|
|
what effect would vasocontriction of the renal artery have on systemic blood pressure and blood volume
|
increase in systemic blood pressure and volume.
|
|
why does blood pressure increase during exerise
|
1) cardiac output increases
2) resistance in nonessential visceral tissues and organs increases. |
|
name the immediate and long term problems related to the cardiovascular response to hemorrhaging
|
immediate: maintaining adequate blood pressure and peripheral blood flow.
long term: restoring normal blood volume. |
|
explain the role of aldosterone and ADH in long term restoration of blood volume.
|
promote fluid retention and absorption at the kidneys, preventing further reductions in blood volume.
|
|
identify the two circuits of the cardiovascular system
|
pulmonary circuit
systemic circuit |
|
identify the three general functional patterns of the body's blood vessels
|
1) nearly identical peripheral distrubutions of arteries and veins on body's left and right side. except near heart.
2). several names for a single vessel as it crosses specific anatomical boundries. 3). servicing of tissues and organs by several arteries and veins. |
|
name the blood vessels that enter and exit the lungs, and indicate the relative oxygen content of the blood in each
|
pulmonary arteries enter the lungs carrying deoxygenated blood.
pulmonary veins leave the lungs carrying oxygenated blood. |
|
why would compression of the common carotid arteries cause a person to lose consciousness
|
because it would cut off blood flow to the brain.
|