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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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RNA |
single stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose |
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messenger RNA |
type of RNA that carries copies of intructions for the assembly of amino acids into protiens from DNA to the result of the cell. |
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ribosomal RNA |
(mRNA) type of RNA that combines with protiens to form ribosomes. |
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transfer RNA |
(tRNA) type of RNA that carries each amino acid to a ribosome during protien synthesis. |
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transcription |
synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template |
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RNA polymerase |
enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotide during transcription |
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Promoter |
specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription
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Intron |
sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protien |
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Exon |
expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protien |
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Polypeptide |
long chain of amino acids that make protiens |
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genetic codes |
collection of codons of mRNA, each of which directs the incorporation of a particular amino acid into a protien during protien syntheis |
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codon |
group of 3 nucleotide bases in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid to be incorporated into a protien |
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translation |
process by which tje sequence of bases of an mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protien |
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anticodon |
group of 3 bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to the 3 bases of a codon |
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gene expression |
process by which a gene produces its product, carries out its function |
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mutation |
change in the genetic material of a cell |
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point mutation |
gene mutation in which a single base pair has been changed |
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frame shift |
mutation that shifts "the reading frame" of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide |
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mutagen |
chemical or physical agents in the environment that interact with DNA and may cause mutation |
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Polypoidy |
condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes |
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operon |
prokaryotes, a group of adjacent genes, that share a common operator and promoter are transcribed into a single mRNA |
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operator |
short DNA region, adjacent to the promoter of a prokaryotic operon that binds repressor proties responsible for controlling the rate of transcription of the operon |
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RNA interference |
introduction of double stranded RNA into a cell to inhibit gene expression
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differentiation |
process in which cells become specialized in structure and function |
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homeotic gene |
a class of regulatory genes that detirmine the identity of body parts and reglons in animal embryo. Mutations in these genes can transform one body part into another |
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homeobox gene |
DNA sequence of aproximately 130 base pairs. regulates developement, codes for transcription factors, protiens that bind to DNA |
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HOX gene |
a group of homeotic genes clustered together that determine the head to tail identity of body parts in animals. |
