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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social Psychology |
How thoughts feelings and behavior are impacted by actual imagined or implied presence of others |
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Groups |
Something in common that distinguishes them from others Discrimination Prejudice |
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Social Facilitation. |
Presence of others enhances performance True for humans, animals, and cockroaches Only work if doing a simple task
Ex) running on a treadmill |
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Are humans better at making decisions in a group than they are by themselves |
NO! Stronger and better decisions are made alone
Group decisions are often bias
Too much weight based on status "talkers"
To much weight on expert opinions
Tendency To avoid conflict |
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Kitty Genovese |
Working as a waitress Attacked and stabbed New York City 38 ppl ignored
Bystander Affect |
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Militaries around the world require members to wear the same uniform and haircut b/c it's more effective |
False
Because of social hierarchy
More anonymity, less individual |
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Deindividuation more likely when... |
A lot more likely to break the laws when you're thinking you can get away with it and everybody looks the same
Feel anonymous- more likely to get away with it
More likely won't accept responsibility |
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Approval Motive |
Gain acceptance and avoid rejection |
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Accuracy motive |
Believe what is right Avoid believing what is wrong |
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Chameleon Effect |
Basically the idea that we unconsciously mimic mannerisms, postures and facial expressions
We tend to like people more when they mimic us Ex) on a date and you mirror them |
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What does this effect help |
Helps us naturally bond |
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Is there an adaptive function |
Yes there is , connect in a another way we normally wouldn't |
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Approval motive includes |
Norms
Normative influence- when you are not comfortable with situation if you look to other people of what to do
Conformity Obedience |
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Auto Kinetic Effect |
Turkish Psychologist
If you turned off the lights and shined a light on the screen the dot would look like it's moving
Individual you get wide range of answers
When in a group the answers were Similar
Converged to group nerve |
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Conformity |
Partly due to social norms, Other people provide info about what is appropriate |
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Burgers Replication 2009 |
Similar to Milgram
Screening: Unfamiliar with milgrams personality
Unlikely to respond in "unacceptable way"
Results 70% went past 150 V-chest pains
Test wouldn't go all the way to killing someone
Made it really easy to withdraw |
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Factors that increase obedience |
Increasing physical presence of legitimate authority figure- taking over a phone less obedient |
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Factors that reduce obedience |
1. Emphasizing pain of other subject
2. If the teacher had to touch the learner, you don't have to physically see the results
3. Experimenter gave orders over phone |
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Is there a gender difference in obedience |
No But women are more empathetic |
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Phillip Zimbardsych |
President of American Psychology Association |
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Stanford Experiment |
Phillip Zimbardo and colleagues
Summer 1971
Aimed to show that situational (environmental) rather than dispositional (personality) caused negative behaviors and thoughts patterns in prison |
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Stanford Experiment |
Phillip Zimbardo and colleagues
Summer 1971
Aimed to show that situational (environmental) rather than dispositional (personality) caused negative behaviors and thoughts patterns in prison |
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Stanford prison design |
Prison stimulation with normal participants randomly assigned as a guard or a prisoner
There were personality differences who were attracted to participating in this study and who conducted it-lacked empathy and were more aggressive |
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Results |
Planned- 14 days Actually - 6 days
Guards were abusing prisoners by day 2
Conclusion-situational |
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Actor observer effect |
When explaining people's behaviors we tend to
Overemphasize-internal, personal/ dispositional factors
Underestimate- external, situational factors |
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Actor observer effect |
When explaining people's behaviors we tend to
Overemphasize-internal, personal/ dispositional factors
Underestimate- external, situational factors |
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Mere exposure effect |
The more we hear something the more likely we are to like it |
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Actor observer effect |
When explaining people's behaviors we tend to
Overemphasize-internal, personal/ dispositional factors
Underestimate- external, situational factors |
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Mere exposure effect |
The more we hear something the more likely we are to like it |
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Explicit attitudes |
Attitudes you are aware of and can report Attitudes you can easily express |
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Actor observer effect |
When explaining people's behaviors we tend to
Overemphasize-internal, personal/ dispositional factors
Underestimate- external, situational factors |
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Mere exposure effect |
The more we hear something the more likely we are to like it |
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Explicit attitudes |
Attitudes you are aware of and can report Attitudes you can easily express |
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Implicit |
Not aware Influence our feelings and behaviors at unconscious level |
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Implicit Association Test |
Reaction time test to measure implicit attitudes
Doesn't tap into how you really feel but gets general idea
How quickly we associate concepts/ objects with positive vs negative words |
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What makes people change their attitudes |
Cognitive dissonance
Persuasion |
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What makes people change their attitudes |
Cognitive dissonance
Persuasion |
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Cognitive dissonance |
Contradiction between two attitudes or between attitude and behavior
Cause anxiety and tension- motivates people to reduce dissonance
Unpleasant state that we recognize inconsistency of behaviors and attitudes
Ex) smoking |
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How do we reduce dissonance |
Change attitudes and behaviors Rationalizing
1. Altering the importance/value to the conflicting belief
2. Emphasize a new bleed that supports your behavior (rationalize)
3. Changing your behavior completely
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Physical factors-symmetry |
People who are more physically healthy and fertile
Easier to process symmetrical faves |
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Gottman's love lab |
Magic ratio of positive to negative events in a relationship
Similar to reality TV in one weekend was able to predict who would get a divorce in the next 5 years from watching their interactions
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Gottman's love lab |
Magic ratio of positive to negative events in a relationship
Similar to reality TV in one weekend was able to predict who would get a divorce in the next 5 years from watching their interactions
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Positive to negative ratio |
Couples stay together 5:1
Couples Divorce 0.8: 1
Seattle |
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Gottman's love lab-what predicts divorce |
Criticism- you always.....you never Defensiveness- oh yeah....well you Contempt- eye rolling, mocking, big one Withdrawal- silent treatment or not engaging in communicating |
