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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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• Whatis the PNS? What does it consist of? What are the subdivisions?<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> |
-Peripheral Nervous System -Nerves that come off of the CNS - 1.Cranial nerves- come off the brain. 2. Spinal nerves- come off of the spinal cord. |
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• Explainthe “bundle-within-a-bundle” structure of a nerve. What are the epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium,& what do they surround?<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
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-One nerev is made of many fascicles, and one fascicle contains many axon/nerve fibers. -Epineurium: surrounds each nerve -Perineurium: surrounds each fascicle -Endoneurium: surrounds each axon/nerve fiber |
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• Define“nerve.” What is a mixed nerve?<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
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-Nerve: bundles of axons/ nerve fibers from many neurons -Mixed: contains axon/nerve fibers of both sensory and motor neurons all wrapped together, majority of nerves |
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• Whatare cranial nerves? What are spinalnerves?<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> |
- 12 pairs. 1st two pairs originate from cerebrum other 10 pairs originate from brain stem. All come out of the skull to areas of the head, neck, and trunk through various foramina. - 31pairs, originate from spinal cord, all are mixed, 8 cervical, 12 thoratic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal |
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• Choose6 of the cranial nerves and tell me:<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> a. Itsname & number b. Ifits sensory, motor, or mixed c. Ifsensory, where are impulses coming from d. Ifmotor, where are impulses going to e. Ifmixed, give the answers to both c. and d. |
*write on actual cards
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• Describethe phrenic nerves; ulnar nerves;sciatic nerves <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
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-Phrenic: motor nerves controlling the diaphram (irritation causes hiccups) -Ulnar nerve: most flexar muscles of arms (striking the funny bonecauses tingling sensation) -Sciatic Nerves- Largest, longest nerves in body. Supply muscles and skin of the legs and feet. |
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• Whatis a reflex? What are the 2 mainclassifications of reflexes? Describeautonomic reflexes: what structures are innervated by this type? Where is thecontrol center? What are some examplesof autonomic reflexes?<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
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-Refelx: a rapid automatic response to a stimulus - Automatic and Somatic -Automatic: involve smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, & glands. Madulla oblongata is the control center. Hiccups, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, blatter and rectum. - Somiatic: involve skeletal muscle. |
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• Whatis a reflex arc? Describe the 5 components of a reflex arc.<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
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-Reflex Arc: the neural pathway over which a refex occurs 1. Receptor: site of the stimulus 2. Sensory neuron: transmits sensory impulses to CNS 3. Integration center: synapses in the CNS 4. Motor neuron: transmits motor impulses from CNS to effector organs 5. Effector Organs: muscle, gland, or organ |
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• Whatare 2 ways to structurally classify a somatic spinal reflex? What are 2 ways to functionally classify asomatic spinal reflex?<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
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-Monosynaptic: one synapse, uses only two neurons(1 sensory,1 motor) -Polly synaptic: muptiple synaptic, uses interneurons.
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• Whyis a stretch reflex useful?<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> |
-Helps you maintain an upright posture
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• Howis a patellar reflex classified? Whatare the steps of the patellar reflex?<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
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*on sheet
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• Whatis a withdrawal reflex/why is it useful? What is its structural classification? What are steps of the withdrawalreflex? |
-Withdrawal: occurs when you touch something painful. -Skin receptors in hands & feet sense this & trigger nerve impulses *on sheet |
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• Whatdo reflexes indicate, & how can they be used by health professionals? <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> |
-Normal reflexes: indicate normal NS function -Abnormal reflexes can determine the location and extent of damage when injury occurs in the NS -Reflexes are usually not functional under anesthesia, so they are tested often to see how affected the anesthesia is. |
