Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Patterns of Inheritance |
Gene disorders classified by recessive or dominant patterns |
|
|
Gene |
Molecular unity of heredity in an organism |
|
|
Allele |
Alternative form of a gene |
|
|
Homologous chromosome |
A set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up during meiosis |
|
|
Dominant |
Dominant phenotypes in alleles that influence the gene |
|
|
Recessive |
Recessive phenotypes in alleles that influence the outcome of genes |
|
|
Principle of Segregation |
The two alleles in a gene pair segregate from each other in the formation of gametes. Half the gametes carry one allele and the other half carry the other allele |
|
|
Genotype |
The genetic makeup of a gene; total number of genes transmitted from parents to offspring |
|
|
Phenotype |
The physical appearance of an organism resulting from the interaction of the gene and the environment |
|
|
Homozygous |
Identical pairs of genes |
|
|
Heterozygous |
Different pairs of genes |
|
|
Principle of independent assortment |
Describes how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop |
|
|
Incomplete dominance |
One allele for a specific trait is not completely expressed over its pair |
|
|
Codominance |
a relationship between two versions of a gene. Individuals receive one allele from each parent. If the alleles are different, the dominant allele usually is expressed, while the effect of the recessive allele is masked. |
|
|
Multiple alleles |
A series of three or more alleles in a gene; only two can exist in a normal diploid cell |
|
|
Polygenic inheritance |
One characteristic is controlled by two or more genes |
|
|
Linked genes |
Two genes that are close together on a chromosome that don't separate |
|
|
X-linked genes |
A gene carried on an X chromosome |
|
|
Nondisjunction |
Failure of two homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis |
|
|
Multifactorial traits |
Traits controlled by multiple different genes and the environment. |
