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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Neobehaviorism
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result of when behaviorism was combined **with logical positivsm. **
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Edward C. Tolman
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Purposive behaviorism, intervening variables,
Latent Learning, Latent Extinction |
Disagreed with Watson and Thorndicke's explanation of learning.
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Latent Learning
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Learning that occurs but is not translated into behavior
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Latent Extinction
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Animals who passively experience a goal boz no longer containing reinforcement, extinguish a previously learded response to that goal box significantly faster than animals without suh experience.
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Clark Hull
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4 methods for scientific research, Reinforcement, Reaction potential, Habit Strength, Theory with great amont of research.
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4 methods for scientific research:
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- Simple observation
- Systematic controlled obsercation - Experimental testing of hypotheses - Hypothetico-Deductive Theory |
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Hypothetico-deductive Theory
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Set of potulates from which empirical relationships are deduced. If the empirical relationships are as predicted, the theory gains strngth; if not, the theory loses strength and must be revised or abandoned.
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Edwin R. Guthrie
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Law of Contiguity, Rejected Law of Frequency, One-Tril Learning, Breaking Habits.
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"Law of Contiguity"
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Drive-reduction
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Hull's proposed mechanism of reinforcement. Anything that reduces a drive is reinforcing.
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B.F. Skinner
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"Positivism"
Functional Analysis of Behavior Psychology should study the functional relationship between environmental events, reinforcement contigencies and behavior. |
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2 types of Behavior
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- Respondent Behavior
- Operant Behavior |
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Operant Behavior
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Influenced by consequences.
Behavior that is emitted by an organism rather than elicted by a known stimulus. |
Oper, opertional. Doing things for a child to operate the way u want.
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Positive Reinforcement
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Introducing something "added"
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Negative Reinforcement
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Taking away something
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Schedules of Reinforcement
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- Fixed Interval (time)
- Variable Interval - Fixed Ratio - Variable Ratio |
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Gestalt Psychology
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German Word meaning "Whole" or "Form"
- Studies whole, inctact segments of behavior and cognitive experience - Issues with Wundt's elementism |
H20
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Philosopher/antecedent views
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- Kant
- Mach (Space and Time form) - Von Ehrenfels (Form emerges from sensation. "Gestalt") - William James (Consciouness) - Act Psychology (Bruno & Stumph Influenced Gestalt, experience as a whole) |
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Founders of Gestalt Psychology
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- Max Wertheimer
- Phi phenomenon - Kurt Koffka - Wolfgang Kohler |
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Basic Principles of Gestalt Psychology
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* Field Theory
* Psycolophsyical Isomorphism * Top Down Analysis * Law of Pragnanz * Percetual Constancy * Principles of Perceptual Organization |
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Law of Pragnanz
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Reality is organized or reduced to the simplest form possible
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Olympic circles
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Law of Proximity
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Objects near each other tend to be grouped together.
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Law of Continuity
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Lines are seen as following the smoothest path.
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Law of Closure
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Objects grouped together are seen as a whole
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Explanations of Learning
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- Insight Learning
- Transposition - Productive Thinking (Think about Principles) |
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Lewin's Field Theory
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Life Space (Influences of psychological facts, external events, exist in awarness)
Motivation |
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Conflict - Application of the theory
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- Approach - Approach (Getting accepted to 2 schools)
- Avoidance - Avoidance (Studying) - Approach - Avoidance (mixed feelings) |
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Group Dynamics - Application of the Theory
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- Democratic
- Authoritarian - Laissez- Faire |
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Broca
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Expressive Aphasia
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Wernike
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Receptive Aphasia
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