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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits, which of the following would be her most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants?
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Clone the plant asexually to produce an identical one
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Which of the following defines a genome?
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the complete set of an organism's genes
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At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a karyotype
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metaphase
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The human X and Y chromosomes
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include genes that determine an individual's sex
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Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16?
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Each cell has eight homologous pairs.
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Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Of the following elements, which do all sexual life cycles have in common?
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II, III, and IV
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Which of these statements is false?
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At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce diploid gametes by meiosis.
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Referring to a plant's sexual life cycle, which of the following terms describes the process that leads directly to the formation of gametes?
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gametophyte mitosis
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Which of the following is an example of alternation of generations?
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A diploid plant (sporophyte) produces, by meiosis, a spore that gives rise to a multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte).
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The karyotype of one species of primate has 48 chromosomes. In a particular female, cell division goes awry and she produces one of her eggs with an extra chromosome (25). The most probable source of this error would be a mistake in which of the following?
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either anaphase I or II
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Which of the following best describes a karyotype?
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a display of each of the chromosomes of a single cell
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If a cell has completed the first meiotic division and is just beginning meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate description of its contents?
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It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis.
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Which of the following might result in a human zygote with 45 chromosomes?
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an error in either egg or sperm meiotic anaphase
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In a human karyotype, chromosomes are arranged in 23 pairs. If we choose one of these pairs, such as pair 14, which of the following do the two chromosomes of the pair have in common?
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Length, centromere position, staining pattern, and traits coded for by their genes.
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After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is
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haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.
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How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis?
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They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA.
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When does the synaptonemal complex disappear?
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late prophase of meiosis I
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Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I?
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Homologous chromosomes are separated.
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Chromatids are separated from each other.
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The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II.
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Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs.
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The statement is true for meiosis I only
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Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?
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synapsis of chromosomes
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If an organism is diploid and a certain gene found in the organism has 18 known alleles (variants), then any given organism of that species can/must have which of the following?
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at most, 2 alleles for that gene
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During mitosis or meiosis, sister chromatids are held together by proteins referred to as cohesins. Such molecules must have which of the following properties?
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They must be removed before anaphase can occur.
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A tetrad includes which of the following sets of DNA strands?
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two sets of sister chromatids that have synapsed
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Which of the following has occurred when we see chiasmata under a microscope?
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prophase I
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To view and analyze human chromosomes in a dividing cell, which of the following is/are required?
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DNA stain and a light microscope
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To visualize and identify meiotic cells at metaphase with a microscope, what would you look for?
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tetrads all aligned at the cell's center
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How does the sexual life cycle increase the genetic variation in a species?
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by allowing crossing over
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For a species with a haploid number of 23 chromosomes, how many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible for the gametes?
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2^23
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Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of
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the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I.
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Which of the following best describes the frequency of crossing over in mammals?
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at least 1-2 per chromosome pair
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When homologous chromosomes crossover, what occurs?
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Specific proteins break the two strands and re-join them with their homologs.
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Which of the following can utilize both mitosis and meiosis in the correct circumstances?
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a plantlike protist
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