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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Autosome
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Any eukaryotic chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; autosomes are present in the same number and kind in both males and females of the species
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Sex Chromosome
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A chromosome that is related to sex; in humans the sex chromosomes are the X and Y chromosomes
Females are X, Males are Y |
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X-Chromosome
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One of two sex chromosomes; in mammals and in Drosophilia, female individuals have two X chromosomes
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Y-Chromosome
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A sex chromosome, males have a Y chromosome and an X chromosome, the Y determines maleness
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Sex-Linked
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A trail determined by a gene carried on the X chromosome and absent on the Y chromosome
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Who was Thomas Hunt Morgan and what was his contribution to genetics?
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He and his "Fly group" made tremendous contributions to our understanding of the role of chromosomes and genes in inheritance.
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How is sex determined in humans? What are some other ways sex is determined in animals?
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In humans the Y chromosome generally determines maleness. In animals determination is usually associated with a chromosomal difference. In some animals, females have two similar sex chromosomes and males have sex chromosomes that differ. In other species, females have sex chromosomes that differ.
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What does it mean for two genes to be linked? What is the genetic evidence for linkage between genes?
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When there is a linkage in terms of genes it means that there are two genes which are unrelated, but because of their close proximity they stick together during meiosis and eventually when one of the genes is inherited so is the other one. Ex. Hemopholia
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What are the significance of SNPs?
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Single-nucleotide polymorphism - a site present in at least 1% of the population at which individuals differ by a single nucleotide. These can be used as genetic markers to map unknown genes or traits.
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What kind of errors must happen in meiosis in order for aneuploidy to occur?
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Failure of homologues or sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis (nondisjunction). An organism who has gained or lost a chromosome. Down syndrome is an example. Chromosome 21
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What is the genetic basic of Prader-Willi (PWS) and Angleman syndromes (AS)?
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The most common cause of both syndromes is a deletion of material on chromosome 15 and the same deletion can cause either syndrome.
Deletion of chromosome paternally inherited it causes PWS, deletion maternally inherited it causes AS. |
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What is epigenetics?
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Genomic imprinting; an epigenetic trait is defined as stably heritable phenotype resulting from changes in a chromosome without alteration in the DNA sequence.
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How is mitochondria inherited?
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Maternally inherited
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